Transcript Jews - edu4lte-nazi-germany-unit

Session:
The Jews 1933-1945
Nazism & Race
• Race & anti-Semitism were a
core issue of Nazi social
policy.
• Nazism stressed that
Germans & Aryans were the
superior ‘Master Race.’ Jews
were the ‘Racial Enemy.’
• Aryans - Nazi ideal - in Nazi
ideology, a person of nonSemitic descent regarded as
racially superior, specifically
German blood.
• Features of an Aryan:
Blonde hair, blue eyes, fair
skin, men – fit for work & war
& women – fit for marriage &
motherhood.
1936 Berlin Olympics Poster showing the Ideal Aryan
Image Source: http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/03-04/Baker_JS_BK_3-04/Images/Aryan
Nazism & Race
• Racial Hygiene policies
paved the path of
persecution to extermination
for Jews & other ‘inferior
races.’
• The Jews & other minorities
were considered sub-human
& inferior race.
• They were considered
vermin & enemies, subhuman people useful for
slavery & when redundant
they were ‘exterminated.’
• They were placed in Ghettos,
& extermination and work
camps.
A Race Chart – depicting the
difference between Aryans & Jews
Image Source: http://www.thinkequal.com/g/logos/poster_children.jpg
The Nuremberg Laws 1935
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Anti-Semitism became
government policy.
The Nuremberg Laws were
laws that Hitler enacted, in
order to discriminate &
persecute Jews, & laws to
protect the ‘purity’ of German
blood and society.
Following the Nuremberg
laws there were boycotts of
Jewish shops, doctors,
lecturers & lawyers. Jews
were forbidden to join the
army & attend German State
schools.
Key Nuremberg Laws
•
Jews were denied German
Citizenship.
• Marriages between Jews &
Germans were forbidden
• Extra-marital relations
between Jews & Germans
were forbidden
3. Jews were forbidden to
employ in their household
German servants under the
age of forty-five (Hitler didn’t
won’t Jewish male employees
impregnating young German
women).
4. Jews were forbidden to hoist
the Nazi flag or wear the
Swastika emblem.
Nazi Selection: Classifying Jews
Jewish Scientists using pseudo
science techniques to classify Jews
Image Source:
• At the Wannsee conference
it was decided that if one of
person’s parents was
Jewish, then they were
Jewish.
• However, if only one of their
grandparents had been
Jewish then they could be
classified as being German.
• In 1940, all Jews had to
have their passports
stamped with the letter ‘J’
and had to wear the yellow
Star of David on their jacket
or coat.
Anti-Semitic Propaganda
Nazi Anti-Semitic propaganda
poster – The Eternal Jew
Image Source: http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/posters/ewige.jpg
• Propaganda was a central
technique used to ‘demonize’
Jews & portray them as
“vermin”-rodent like & frame
them as they “enemy.”
• The Nazis used propaganda to
brainwash Germans to believe
Jews needed to be excluded
from society and eventually
“exterminated.”
• The Nazis conveyed antiSemitic propaganda via
posters, cartoons, educational
books, radio, literature,
television, film, radio, theatre &
the arts.
Kristallnacht
Destroyed Jewish Shops in Berlin
Image Source: http://www-tc.pbs.org/auschwitz/images/prewar_3.jpg
• November 1938 a Jewish
student shot dead a German
official in the German
embassy in Paris, to avenge
for the way in which his family
had been treated by the
Germans.
• The Nazis used this killing as
an excuse to launch a
pogrom against Germany’s
Jews. A pogrom is an
organized assault on an
entire community.
• The Nazis called their pogrom
‘Kristallnacht’ (Crystal Night)
because so much glass was
broken.
• During Kristallnacht approx.
1,000 Jews were killed &
30,000 were killed & sent to
concentration camps.
Jewish Ghettos
The Warsaw Ghetto
• Ghetto, formerly a section of a
town or city within which Jews
were compelled by Nazi law to
reside.
• Main Ghettos: Warsaw & Lodz
• The ghettos were surrounded by
walls, and the gates were locked
at night. In many instances Jews
were compelled to wear
identifying insignia (Star of
David) outside the ghettos.
• Hitler caused ghettos to be
established in German-occupied
countries during World War II as
part of his overall plan for
annihilating the Jews.
• After the Wannsee Conference
Jews were moved from Ghettos
to Concentration Camps.
Jewish Resistance –
Warsaw Ghetto Up-rising
• Warsaw Ghetto Uprising,
Jewish armed uprising
during World War II in
Warsaw, Poland, which
lasted for several weeks
during April and May 1943.
• It was the largest of several
dozen Jewish armed revolts
in ghettos and death camps
and became the leading
symbol of Jewish resistance
during the Holocaust.
• Approx. 12,000 Jews were
killed during the up-rising.
During the uprising Captured Jews are
led by German soldiers to the assembly
point for deportation.
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stroop_Report__Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising_09.jpg
Concentration Camps
http://www.archives.gov/research/ww2/photos/images/ww2-166.jpg
http://www.scrapbookpages.com/OldPhotos/OldCamp.jpg
• During the 1930s and 1940s,
German Nazi leaders
established 22 concentration
camps where Jews, along with
Roma (Gypsies),
homosexuals, Communists,
Slavs, and others judged
undesirable, were imprisoned.
• Many prisoners were worked
to death, shot, gassed, or
given lethal injections.
• By the end of the war, more
than 6 million people had died
in concentration camps.
Map of Ghettos & Death Camps
Image Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/d/d0/W
W2-Holocaust-Poland.PNG
Destruction Through Work
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By early 1944, the influx of foreign
civilian workers into the Third
Reich economy had slowed.
Facing severe labor shortage
(most men at war), German firms
turned their attention to SS
concentration camps, in which a
huge reservoir of a potential labor
force was incarcerated.
Forced labor: From the spring of
1944, the number of concentration
camps that functioned as
branches of labor camps grew in
Germany and the occupied
territories.
End 1944 600,000 prisoners
worked for German firms. Only the
fittest were allocated to forced
labor for firms.
Destruction Through Work within
non-labor based camps,
Auschwitz Gate: The gate reads
Work Makes One Free
Image Source:
http://www.auschwitz.dk/Auschwitz.htm