Transcript File

A Warning From History
The Holocaust
All underlined items must be in your notes!
Terms to know (You need these in your notes)
1. Tolerance = The ability to recognize and respect the beliefs or
practices of others.
2. Intolerance = Not able to endure things one does not agree with.
3. Genocide = The systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural
group.
4. Anti- Semitism = Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a
religious, ethnic, or racial group
5. Scapegoating = The practice of blaming an individual or group for a
real or perceived failure of others
Terms to know (You need these in your notes)
6. Ghetto = It originally meant a neighborhood with one
ethnicity. The connotation of ghetto is poor and lower
class
7. Concentration Camps = massive holding pins to gather
the “undesirables”. Some worked, most just waited to
die.
8.Death Camps = areas containing a killing mechanism
(crematorium). These served one purpose only.
9. Work camps = places where the prisoners were given
particular jobs and used as slave labor.
One of the most infamous examples
of intolerance and genocide is:
The Holocaust
Who Were the Holocaust Victims?
(List at least 3 in your notes)
• Jews
• Slavs (a person
from the Slavic
area)
• Poles (Polish)
• Gypsies
• Black Youth
• Jehovah’s
Witnesses
• Homosexuals
• Handicapped
(physically and
mentally)
Summarize what caused the separation
Jewish
•Believe that Jesus was
a good man, not the
Son of God
• The Old Testament of
the Bible is sacred, but
the New Testament is
not acknowledged.
Christian
• Believe that Jesus is
the Son of God
• The Old and New
Testament are stories
of Truth.
If “they” are not one of “us” they must be
the “others”
 Stereotypes
of
Jews
Orthodox Jews - the image Hitler wanted
us to think of when the word “Jew” was
mentioned.
Rees, Laurence. The Nazis.The New Press: New York. 1997
Recognize that World War II and the
Holocaust were two separate wars.
–WWII = the war against the world
–The Holocaust = the war against
Jews and other “undesirable”
people
Anti-Semitism
• Hitler played on the anti-Semitism that was
already rooted in his countrymen
• He resurrected the idea that there were different
classes of people
– Germans = Aryans who were superior
– Everyone else = sub-human
• Anti-Semitic propaganda began
– It was said that even one Jew could taint an entire
country
• In 1935, Anti-Semitism became legal in Germany
Anti-Semitism
Nazi rally with the
sign: “Jews are our
misfortune.”
Imagine if we put up a
sign at the Staples
stadium that said “The
Mexicans are our
misfortune”. Think of
how rude and
inappropriate that
would be.
How did the Germans define who
was Jewish?
• On November 14, 1935, the Nazis issued the
following definition of a Jew:
– Anyone with three Jewish grandparents
– Someone with two Jewish grandparents who belonged
to the Jewish community on September 15, 1935, or
joined thereafter
– Someone who was married to a Jew or Jewess on
September 15, 1935, or married thereafter
– Anyone who was the offspring of a marriage or
extramarital liaison with a Jew on or after September
15, 1935.
Anti-Semitism
• German scientific community put in their
two cents via “research”
– Claimed that Jewish features could be
scientifically determined
– Stores sold devices that could measure one’s
features to determine them absolutely not
Jewish (obviously this did not actually work)
Anti-Semitism
• A boycott was declared against all Jewish
businesses
• Storm troopers (police in Germany not
characters from Star Wars) were placed in
front of all Jewish businesses for the oneday boycott
– Anyone attempting to shop at Jewish stores
was beaten or sent to Dachau (a concentration
camp) for re-education.
Anti-Semitism
Graffiti on a Jewish
store front
Anti-Semitism Response
Directions: Now that you have
read several slides about AntiSemitism, write a few
sentences in your notes
explaining the anti-Semitism
that Germany faced in the
1930’s-1945.
How does Scapegoating work?
• First, minorities are often isolated within society
and become an easy target. Those in the majority
are more easily convinced about the negative
characteristics of a minority with which they have
no direct contact.
• Next, Violence, persecution, and genocide directed
against minorities often occur when a minority
group is being blamed for some social problem.
How does Scapegoating work?
• List 2 of the examples of societal ills that have
been blamed on minority groups in your
notes.
• Unemployment, inflation, food shortages, the
plague, and crime in the streets are all
examples of ills which have been blamed on
minority groups.
Scapegoating Response
What societal ills have been
blamed on minority groups in
California?
The Nuremberg Laws
• How the Jews were initially controlled:
• Prohibited marriages between Jews and
Germans
• Stripped Jews of their German citizenship
• Introduced a distinction between Reich
citizens and nationals
The Nuremberg Laws
• After these laws were established, things like
forcing Jews to turn over their businesses to an
Aryan person were mandated (required)
• Jewish college students were kicked out of
colleges.
• Jews were not allowed to hold government jobs.
• And slowly the ghettos were built where the Jews
were forced to live.
Nuremberg Laws Response
Directions: In your notes,
after reading about The
Nuremberg Laws, explain how
these laws were used to
control the Jews. Two
sentence minimum.
Ghettos
The Germans started concentrating the Jews into
ghettos and forced them to wear a star identifying
them as a Jew.
Ghettos
• Life in the ghetto was intolerable
– No sanitation
– Pestilence (disease)
– Starvation
One famous
ghetto was
Warsaw.
Walls were
built around
the city
Ghettos:
Warsaw
Rare Color Photos of the Ghetto
Ghetto originally meant a
neighborhood with one
ethnicity.
Rare Color Photos of the Ghetto
A Jewish man being forced
to give up his valuables
and his gold
A Jewish man forced
to wear the Star of
David, identifying him
as a Jew to all who
saw him.
Ghetto Response
Directions: After looking at the
pictures of life in the Ghetto,
write two sentences explaining
some of the difficulties that you
would face if you were Jewish in
this time period.
World War II: The Final Solution
• In 1941 – Hitler begins the mass executions of
Jews. Some believe that this was due to the
fact that Hitler was starting to lose a grip on
World War II and he needed to win the war
against the Jews.
• This mass extermination lasts from 1941-1945
(the end of WWII).
World War II: The Final Solution
• Railways made the final solution possible
• Allowed for the mass transportation of
Jews to Concentration Camps
• Transported in cattle cars
–No food, water, toilets or ventilation
–Average transport – 4.5 days
World War II: The Final Solution
• Once
disembarked
from the train,
men were
separated
from women
and children
World War II: The Final Solution
• Every person
went through
selection
– Passed by a
medical
doctor who
decided
whether or
not he/she
would live or
die
World War II: The Final Solution
• What was the criteria for selection?
–Selection was determined by how
healthy you were and how well you
would be able to work.
–Elderly people, sick people, young
people, many women, and weak
people went to the gas chambers
immediately
World War II: The Final Solution
World War II: The Final Solution
• Those selected for death went to the gas
chambers
– Gas usually killed within 5 minutes
– Corpses were taken to the crematories and
burned
– Auschwitz could “process” 2,000 people at once
• At one point Auschwitz was killing 20,000 people each
day
Women and children heading to the gas
chambers (They were thought of as useless
because they couldn’t work as hard as the men)
Crematory Ovens
The Final Solution Response
• Directions:
• 1. Who would be left in your
family if they went through the
selection?
World War II: The Final Solution
• Those selected to live went to slave
labor camps
–Daily rations (the amount of food
you get to eat in a day)
•A piece of bread, margarine,
broth
The Final Solution Response
• Directions:
• 2. How would your life be
different if you were allowed the
same daily rations that the Jews
got?
World War II: The Final Solution
World War II: The Final Solution
• Those who became sick went to the hospital and were
subjected to experiments for medical research
– People were placed in ice baths and continually monitored until death,
in an effort to learn how to fight hypothermia
– People were sewn together to create Siamese twins
– People had chemicals injected into their eyes in an effort to change
the color
• Dr. Mengele (Angel of Death)
– Experimented on twins and dwarfs to better Aryan genetics
World War II: The Final Solution
World War II: The Final Solution
How Many Camps were there in total?
• The power of the Nazis lay in the camp system
itself.
• There were in fact some 15,000 camps. The
exact number will never be known.
• We are working now from the known 10,007
camps onwards though the other categories
documenting what we can document.
Dachau –The First Concentration Camp,
Built and running by March of 1933.
The Final Solution Response
• Directions:
• 3. Write a few sentences in your
notes about your thoughts after
reading these notes and seeing
these pictures?
One Man’s Story: Night
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Type of Work: Memoir
Genre: Holocaust Autobiography
Narrator: Eliezer (slightly fictionalized version of Elie Wiesel)
Point of View: First Person
Setting: 1941 – 1945, World War II
Sighet, Transylvania
Auschwitz/Birkenau
Buna
Gleiwitz
Buchewald
Elie Wiesel
• Born in 1928 in Sighet, Transylvania
• Orthodox Jewish family; highly observant of
Jewish tradition
• He and his family were deported to a
Concentration Camp in 1944
• Liberated from Buchenwald in 1945
• Spent his life fighting on behalf of those who
are persecuted due to religion, race, or
national origin
Elie Wiesel
• First wrote a 900 page text in Yiddish,
titled And the World Remained Silent
– This evolved into the much shorter Night
– Written in the 1950s after a 10 year, selfimposed vow of silence about the
Holocaust
Ellie Wiesel Response
• Directions:
• 1. Why do you think that Ellie
Wiesel waited 10 years after the
Holocaust before he wrote about
what happened?