Transcript S.T.E.M. - Home - Urban Prep West Campus

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Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
Future doctors, engineers, computer
scientists, forensic biologists,
environmentalists, pathologists, NASA space
scientists, zoologists, veterinarians…
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Used light microscopes in 1655 to look at plant tissue
Noticed that a piece of dead cork had tiny chambers
Called them cells because they looked like the cells of a
monastery
Hooke's Microscope
Hooke's drawing of Cork Cells
One of first people to use a
microscope to study living
things from nature
 Able to see things that no
one had seen before
 First person to see the tiny
organisms living in pond
water
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A theory is a well tested hypothesis that can explain a
broad range of observations
 The cell theory applies to all living things BIG and
small and has three main principals
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All organisms are made of one or more cells.
 Some organisms are made up of one cell
 Others are multicellular or made up of many cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
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All existing cells are produced by other living cells.
Disproved “spontaneous generation”
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Tend to be microscopic
Have a few key structures:
 i. are enclosed
cell membrane
by a
membrane.
 ii. are filled with
cytoplasm.
cytoplasm
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
Are the most basic cells
These developed before
eukaryotic cells – 3.5 billion years ago
 Unicellular
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Contain simple structures
 Cell membrane
 cytoplasm
 genetic material (DNA) genetic just floats
around in the cell
 Organelles that do not have a membranes.
Example: Bacteria
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What comes to mind when you think of
bacteria?
 Take two minutes to write your thoughts down in
your notes
There are many different types of bacteria
 Some can cause disease
 Some recycle important natural resources through
decomposition
 We use some bacteria to make food, particularly milk
products
▪ Cheese, yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk
 Eukaryotic cells have a
nucleus and membrane-bond
organelles
nucleus
 Prokaryotic cells do
not have membranebound organelles.
organelles
cell membrane
 Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
cell membrane
cytoplasm
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
EURKARYOTIC CELLS
 Bacteria
 Plant and
Cells
Animal Cells
 Prokaryotic cells do not
have a nucleus.
nucleus
organelles
cell membrane
cytoplasm
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Contain simple structures of Prokaryotes
Contain a nucleus which holds the genetic
material
Have multiple organelles with membranes
Unicellular or Multicellular
Example: Plant or Animal cells
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Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
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Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that
perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells
Organelle means “little organ”
You have a body that has organs that do specific things so
your whole body will work. An organelle is like an organ
for the cell.
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Remember, eukaryotic cells are those that
have a true nucleus and have organized,
complex organelles.
Both PLANT and ANIMAL cells fall under the
category of Eukaryotic Cells.
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Today and tomorrow, however, we will only be
focusing on ANIMAL CELLS.
 SWBAT identify
the structure
and function of
organelles in
animal cells.
For each organelle (cell organ) I will give you its
DEFINITION and its FUNTION.
 The DEFINITION is a short description of what it looks
like, where it is found and how we can recognize it.
▪ Definition of an iPOD: a small technological device that comes in
a variety of colors and contains songs that you can play.
 The FUNCTION is what it does…it’s purpose.
▪ Function of an iPOD: an iPOD is used to play music and is often
used when someone is studying, exercising or other times. It is
small so it can be carried around.
DEFINITION: large organelle in the center of the cell that
controls everything that happens in the cell…the
“brain” of the cell
FUNCTION:
-Stores all genetic material (DNA)
-Involved in duplication of DNA during cellular division
(MITOSIS)
Facts:
•Largest organelle in the cell
•First organelle to be discovered
DEFINITION: small, dense structure in the
nucleus that creates rRNA.
FUNCTION:
1. Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
2. rRNA is very important in making ribosomes
a. Ribosomes are involved in making proteins
DEFINITION:.
1. A gooey liquid that fills the cell and acts as support
2. All organelles except nucleus
FUNCTION:
1. It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap or packing
peanuts protect a package.
DEFINITION: thin, flexible layer that surrounds
the cell’s cytoplasm.
FUNCTION:
1. Controls what goes into and out of the cell
2. Protection
Definition: a small, dense organelle made
mostly from rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Placement in cell: attached to endoplasmic
reticulum or free in cytoplasmic liquid.
Function:
1. Makes proteins
Definition: a system of folded tube-like
structures attached to the nucleus.
Function:
1. Folds proteins
2. Transports proteins
3. Site of ribosomes
Definition: a system of folded tube-like
structures NOT attached to the nucleus.
Function:
1. packages things that are made in the cell to be
transported to another organelle or outside of
the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins, hormones)
Description: a membrane-enclosed organelle
with folds inside.
Function:
1. Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that most of
the cell uses.
Definition: small organelles within the
cytoplasm that are filled with enzymes
Function: Break down…
food into small particles that can be used by the
rest of the cell
2. organelles that are no longer needed and other
waste in the cell
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Definition: A rigid layer that surrounds the cell
membrane
Function: To provide support and protection for
the cell
The cell walls of multiple cells can attach to one
another to support the organism
2. Cell walls are made of different materials
depending on the organism
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Cell wall
Definition: are organelles that have a double
membrane and stacks of disc-like shapes
containing chlorophyll
Function: Use energy from the sunlight to make
food for the cell through the process of
photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll gives plants their green color
Like mitochondria because it provides energy
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large vacuole
PLANT CELL
Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
ANIMAL
PLANT
Digestion
Excretion
Transportation of cell’s products
Storage
Protection
Division
Mobility
Respiration or Photosynthesis
Stem cells are one kind of cell found in your body. Stem cells are “blank”
cells. They turn into the different cells in your body. Stem cells can turn
into the skin, blood, bone, and brain cells.
 Some scientists were studying stem cells, and now these scientists think
that stem cells can cure diseases. Scientists found ways to make the stem
cells grow hair, for bald people, and organs like livers and kidneys, for
people whose organs don't work anymore. These scientists are finding
more and more things to do with stem cells.
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Embryos usually form inside the
mother's body and then grow into
healthy babies. Scientific
researchers, however, have
learned how to form embryos
outside the body, in a laboratory.
This has been a wonderful
development for mothers and
fathers who have been
unsuccessful in having a baby.
Scientists can develop embryos
and then implant them in the
mother to grow into normal,
healthy babies. This means many
couples who couldn't have babies
now can.
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But the very fact that embryos could
eventually become babies is the reason that
stem cells are a controversial topic. To get
stem cells, scientists must remove them from
embryos. Some people believe that doing
this is destroying a human life.
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The philosophical
study of moral values
and rules
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Motivation based on
ideas of right and
wrong
Stem cells are one kind of cell found in your body. Stem cells are “blank”
cells. They turn into the different cells in your body. Stem cells can turn
into the skin, blood, bone, and brain cells.
 Some scientists were studying stem cells, and now these scientists think
that stem cells can cure diseases. Scientists found ways to make the stem
cells grow hair, for bald people, and organs like livers and kidneys, for
people whose organs don't work anymore. These scientists are finding
more and more things to do with stem cells.
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Embryos usually form inside the
mother's body and then grow into
healthy babies. Scientific
researchers, however, have
learned how to form embryos
outside the body, in a laboratory.
This has been a wonderful
development for mothers and
fathers who have been
unsuccessful in having a baby.
Scientists can develop embryos
and then implant them in the
mother to grow into normal,
healthy babies. This means many
couples who couldn't have babies
now can.
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Nerve Cells
Brain Cells
Cardiac Cells
TWO TYPES
1.Embryonic
2.Adult
 Have the potential to cure diabetes,
allow paralyzed people to walk
again, cure Parkinson’s and
Alzheimer's disease
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Republicans vs. Democrats
Religion vs. Science
Pro life vs. Pro Choice
Kill life to save life?
PRO
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A fertilized human egg is not a
potential person without the
perfect lining of a woman’s uterus
Stem cells can cure and heal a
vast number of diseases
It is right to help those who are
suffering
It is wrong to NOT save lives
when we have knowledge and
ability to do so
Scientific research must move
forward
CON
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A fertilized human egg is
always a potential person
Scientific research is not more
important than potential life
It is right to protect life (even
at its earliest stages)
It is wrong to use potential
human embryos to save other
humans
Stem cells could possibly cure
and heal a vast number of
diseases
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Must start with “I believe…”
Must be at least three paragraphs
Must make a logical argument
Must be grammatically sound
Must be personal, passionate and
powerful!