Transcript What is a Cell? - cloudfront.net

Cell Structure: page 37
in INB Cell Organelle
Graphic Organizer
Objective: To determine the
structure and function of cell
organelles.
Bell work: List in order the
levels of organization and
provide an example of each.
Remember the chant?
Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
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• Open the INB Cells 1 on Haiku. We are going
to go over the Cell organelles graphic
organizer. Please correct any mistakes or fill in
what you don’t have. We will do the lab
stations (last three pages) next week.
Cell Theory tells us…
1. All living things are
made of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest
working units of all
living things.
3. Cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.
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What is a Cell?
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions – i.e. has all of the
characteristics of living things.
Notice how the shape of the cell determines what its function is…
Egg or Ovum
Sperm Cell
Smooth Muscle Cell
Red Blood Cell
Neuron
Osteocyte or Bone Cell
White Blood Cell
Connective Tissue Cell
Intestinal Cell
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Epithelial Cell from Cheek
Examples of Cells
Elodea Leaf Cell
Amoeba Proteus
Nerve Cell
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Red Blood Cell
Characteristics of
Prokaryotic Cells
•Simple, unicellular organisms
•Do not have membrane-bound
organelles
•Bacteria ONLY!
•Includes Kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
•We like to say “PRO?” “NO!”…
meaning NO nucleus, NO organelles
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Characteristics of
Eukaryotic Cells
•Complex organisms - most living
things
•Can be unicellular or multicellular
•Contain organelles surrounded by
membranes
•For this, We like to say “EU (YOU)?”
“TRUE!”… meaning TRUE nucleus,
TRUE organelles
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Make your own analogy!
For each organelle on the following slides,
HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE the BOLD-FACED
WORDS - they’re important!
Then, think of a picture analogy that will help
you to remember the organelle and what it
does! You will draw this in the last column of
your organizer.
The first one is already done for you!
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Cell Membrane
All Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic cells
Cell
Membrane
Structure:
if on
this
organelle
• What
Located
outside
of cell.
•were
Mademissing
of phospholipid
from the
bilayer: phosphates and
cell?
lipids (fats)
NO ENTRY!
•Materials could go in
and
out unfiltered
Function:
••Cell
Determines
goes
would lackwhat
structure
in/out of cell
• Protects and supports cell
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CELL MEMBRANE:
The PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER is
semi-permeable, meaning it allows some materials
to pass through freely, while other materials cannot.
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Cytoplasm
All
Prokaryotic
&
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells
What if this organelle
Structure:
were
missing
from
the
Jelly-like material found inside
cell?
cell membrane
•Organelles would have
no protection
Function:
•Nutrients could not
Supports and protects cell’s
diffuse through
cell some
organelles.
Contains
nutrients for cell
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mmm…jelly doughnut!
Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA
ONLY in Eukaryotic cells (Prokaryotes
have Free-floating DNA not bound by a
nucleus)
Structure:
Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA
and… ACTION!
•Has a nuclear membrane to allow
What in
if and
thisout
organelle were
materials
missing
frommaterial
the cell?
•Contains
genetic
– DNA
(chromosomes)
which
contain
•Cell
could not function
instructions for traits
•No direction for organelles
•Contains dark central ball called the
nucleolus (makes ribosomes)
Function:
Directs cell activities
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Ribosome
All Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic cells
Ribosome
Structure:
•Not
bound
by a membrane
What
if this
organelle
•Each
cellmissing
contains thousands
were
from the
(little BLACK dots in the pictures to
the right)
cell?
•Found
endoplasmic
•Cells onwould
not have
reticulum & freely floating
building blocks to create
throughout cell
organelles, etc.
Function:
Makes protein
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ORDER UP!
Mitochondria
All Eukaryotic Cells
Mitochondria
Structure:
What if this organelle
Rod shaped and found
were
missing
throughout
cell from the
cell?
Function:
I’ve got the
POWER!
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•Cells would not be able
•“Powerhouse” of cell
to create energy to
•Produces energy from
perform
functions
sugar through chemical
reactions
Respiration)
(Cellular
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic
Plant
cells
Chloroplast
ONLY
What if this organelle
Structure:
were missing from the
• Found in plant cells
cell?
• Contains green chlorophyll
•Plants would not be able
Function:
to make food
Photosynthesis uses sunlight
to make sugar for plant
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I’m Sweet!
Golgi Bodies
(aka Golgi Apparatus or Golgi
Complex)
All Eukaryotic Cells
Golgi Bodies
Structure:
What
if this organelle
Made of 5-8 sacs
were
missing from the
Function:
cell?
•Processes and packages
•Cell
would
not be able to
proteins
& lipids
package
or transport
•Move materials within
Pack it up, Move materials efficiently
the cell and out of the cell
it out!
in small sac called
“vesicle”
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Endoplasmic
Reticulum
All Eukaryotic
cells
What
if this organelle
were missing from the
Structure:
cell?and sacs
• Series of tubes
•Some
ribosomes
would
– Smooth:
without ribosomes
Rough:awith
ribosomes
not– have
home
•Proteins would not have
Function:
a system proteins
of transport
Transports
and breaks
down drugs in the cell
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All Aboard!
Lysosome
All Eukaryotic Cells
Lysosome
Structure:
What
if this organelle
Vesicle built by the Golgi
were
bodiesmissing from the
cell?
Function:
•Cells
would
be able
•Digests
excessnot
or worn
toout
break
down food
materials
organelles,
Break it
DOWN!
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particles, and engulfed
viruses or bacteria.
•“Disposal” of the cell
Vacuole
All Eukaryotic
Vacuolecells
Structure:
What if this organelle
•were
LARGEmissing
in plant cells,
small
from
thein
animal cells.
cell?
• Contains water & nutrients
•Cell would not have a
storage area for water,
Function:
food, etc.
••Plant
Help plants
cellsmaintain
would shape
lose
•shape
Storage, digestion, & waste
removal
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Let’s go for a
dip!
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
All Prokaryotic Cells &
Eukaryotic PLANT Cells
What
if this
ONLYorganelle
were
missing from the
Structure:
Found onlycell?
in plant cells &
Need some
support?
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bacteria
cellsbacteria cells
•Plant
and
would
lack support and
Function:
protection
Supports & protects cells
In both Only
Prokaryotes
and Eukaryotes:
Let’s
in Compare…
Eukaryotes:
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cell Wall – Bacteria and Plants
Genetic Material - DNA
Ribosome
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi Bodies
Vacuole
Endoplasmic
Lysosome
Reticulum
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How many can you remember?
Lysosome
DNANucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nuclear Membrane
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
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Golgi Bodies
Cytoplasm
For Homework Tonight:
on page 38 in INB
Write the following directions in
your agenda:
Pick your favorite organelle from
our lesson today, and create a
short comic strip of that
organelle as a superhero or
comic book character
performing it’s job. Your comic
should be at least 5 panels.
Creativity, coloring, and the job
it performs will all be factors in
your grade!
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