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World War II
What was WWII?
• Largest war in human history.
• Involved countries, colonies, and territories
around the entire world.
• By the end, over 70 million were dead.
• It lasted from 1939 until 1945.
Causes
• W WI and the Treaty of Versailles
• Appeasement
• Rise of Totalitarianism
WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles
Germans: Treaty of
Versailles was unfair?
• Germany lost land
(mandates) to
surrounding nations
• War reparations
– Germany pays $57
trillion (modern day
equivalent)
• Must accept the
Weimar Republic
Why did the Germans
disapproved a
Republic type of
gov’t?
Were there attempts for
peace before the World War II?
 League of Nations- 60 members
 Kellog-Briand Pact
Why did all these attempts to
prevent war failed?
Nationalism
• Giving someone something to make them happy and leave you
alone.
Appeasement
Defeat of Central Power in WW1 gives prosperity to Allied
Power countries
1929, stock market fell
What happen at the time of Great Depression?
Bread lines
Defeat of Central Power in WW1 gives prosperity to Allied
Power countries
1929, stock market fell
Allied Powers: High tariff walls
Germany, Italy and Japan
became the aggressors in
WWII
The Rise To
Power
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)
• (WWI) Joined the
Nationalist Socialist
German Workers’
Party– NAZI
• Aryan race were
superior
• Wrote a book
entitled Mein Kampf
How the great depression
(My Battle)
helped Hitler rise in power
and be able to criticize
Weimar Republic?
What was the Holocaust?
•
•
•
•
•
Nazi plan to kill all Jews.
Why? Hitler’s provided a to Germany’s problems
6 million Jews murdered in camps in Europe.
5 million others (gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)
Total of 11 million exterminated
Genocide
• Purposely trying to exterminate an entire group
of people (ethnic, religious, racial).
Heinrich Himmler
Auschwitz Concentration Camp
in Poland
Francisco Franco
Spanish Civil
War
Nationalist- restore church
power abolish communism
and create a fascist state VS
Republicans or Loyalist
Stands:
Oct 1936, Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axisweapons and tactics
Soviets- weapons & advisers
US- neutral
• Chancellor (1933)
-Reichtag (German
Parliament)
-Paul Von Hindenburg
(president)
• Started to annex
countries
“Peace
in Our
Time!”
Why did the European
countries(Chamberlain&
Daladier of France) tried to
appease Hitler? Is the
appeasement policy
successful?
The principle of
complete and
unrestricted
power in
government
Rise of Totalitarianism
• Individual rights are not viewed as important as the
needs of the nation.
– No right to vote
– No free speech
– Government controlled economy
– Often a police state
How will you describe the
society under a
totalitarianism?
Totalitarianism
USSR:
Communist
Dictatorship
Germany & Italy:
Fascist
Dictatorship
Japan:
Military
Dictatorship
Adolf HitlerGermany
Hideki Tojo Japan
Benito Mussolini-Italy
Josef StalinUSSR
What is Fascism?
• Political belief that says the individual is
less important than the nation.
SUPRANATIONALISM
• Glorifies violence, believes it is needed to
“prove” strength of a people.
• Dictatorships
How did WWII start?
• Germany invaded Poland to get
lebensraum
What did Hitler Want?
• Militarism
Rhineland- moves troops into the Rhineland
territory again breaking the Treaty of Versailles
• Return the city of Danzig and Polish Corridor
• Lebensraum- “living space”
– Austria - annexed peacefully in 1938
– Sudetenland – territory in Czechoslovakia
• Given to Germany by Great Britain and France
– Hitler then invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
– On to Poland
How did WWII start?
• Germany invaded Poland (Sept 1, 1939).
• Allies declare war on Germany.
• Germany then invades France, Belgium, etc.
• Then Hitler invades Russia.
-signed the Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
-Stalin annexed 3 Baltic countries: estonia,
latvia and lithuania
• Germans use “blitzkrieg” to overwhelm other
armies.
– Blitzkrieg means “lightening war” in German.
– Surround with tanks and troops in trucks.
Why did the US join the war?
• December 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii
-Two hours = most US navy destroyed and
2,000 sailors killed
• Japan surrenders after US drops atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Aug 6
and 9, 1945).
Events leading to the defeat of
Axis Powers
• Defeat of Germans in the battle of
Stalingrad
• Allies won battles in Africa
• Mussolini’s armistice as an Italian leader
• Unified military effort in Italy
- Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Western
Europe)
- Gen. Sir Harold Alexander (Great
Britain)
How did WWII end in Europe?
• Operation Overlord- Allied invasion of
France. (Normandy, France) Also called
D-Day.
– Within a month 1 million Allied troops were
stationed in Europe.
– Allies (East) and USSR (West) ---Berlin
– Germany is surrounded with the USSR to the
east
• Germany surrenders in May 7,1945 after
Hitler commits suicide.
Results of WWII
• Allies divide Germany up between them.
Potsdam Conference- divided Germany
into 4 occupational zones.
- made provisions for the occupation of
Japan
• Trials are held in Germany (and Japan) to
try the people responsible for the war.
– Many are executed and jailed for war crimes.
• Formation of UN
• Decline for Western imperialism
Quick Facts
• War Costs
– US Debt 1940 - $9 Billion
– US Debt 1945 - $98 Billion
• WWII cost $330 billion – 10 times the
cost of WWI & equivalent to all
previous federal spending since 1776
Losses of the Major Wartime Powers in WWII,
1939-1945
• Germany
– 4.5 million military
– 2 million civilian
• Japan
– 2 million military
– 350,000 civilians
• Italy
– 400,000 military
– 100,000 civilian
• China
– 2.5 million military
– 7.4 million civilians
• USSR
– 10 million military
– 10 million civilians
• Great Britain
– 300,000 military
– 50,000 civilians
• France
– 250,000 military
– 350,000 civilian
• United States
– 274,000 military
TOA: Quiz 4.2- WWII
• 1 whole intermediate
paper
Answer directly.
1. How did Adolf Hitler rise to power?
2. Why did the great power in Europe adopt a
policy of at first appeasing Hitler?
3. How did the rise of dictatorships cause WWII?
4. How did WWII start in Europe? In the Pacific?
5. What were the major results of WWII?