Transcript Goal 10 - ashtonushistory

Goal 10 Part 1
Dictators Threaten World Peace
Cause of Dictatorships
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After WWI = Economic despair and depression
Dictators = NATIONALISM
*Failures of WWI Peace Settlement
Treaty of Versailles – caused an “unjust and
insecure peace”
Germans – Anger and resentment!
Why?
(a) ______________________________________
(b) ______________________________________
Weimer Republic / Soviet Union
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Weimar Republic: Democratic Germany (set
up after WWI)
2 reasons why it dissolved:
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Civilians didn’t understand democracy and
turned to believing in dictators = answers to
economic and social problems!
Third Reich too strong!
Joseph Stalin
Vladimir I. Lenin dies in 1924
(Bolshevik Revolution)
 Joseph Stalin takes over the
Soviet Union
Main goal: Transform the Soviet Union into a “great
industrial” power / WORLD Domination
Responsible for 8 -13 million deaths
(Against change)
Established a “TOTALITARIAN” government
- complete control over citizens
- citizens = no rights!
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Benito Mussolini
“Il Duce”
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Totalitarian regime in
ITALY
- Italian Citizens DEMANDED
leadership (suffering from G.D)
- Established the FASCIST Party
Fascism: stressed “nationalism”
and placing interest on the STATE
over the interest of the CITIZENS
“Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things
with love if possible, with force if necessary.”
- Mussolini
Hitler
Adolf Hitler (GERMANY)
- WWI vet (EXTREME Nationalist)
- After WWI joined the
National Socialist German Worker’s Party
(Nazi Party) – quickly became Chancellor of
the Nazi Party
Der Fuhrer – “the leader”
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Mein Kampf / “My Struggle”
Hitler’s Goals (3 Goals)
3 goals:
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(1)
(2)
(3)
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Attack Russia
Racial Purification
Destroy the Treaty of Versailles
Nazism: German form of Fascism
Hitler’s Main Goals: even though he was
Austrian, (Uniting all German-speaking people into
a great German Empire)
*********************Racial Purification***************************
Aryans – “master race” – designed to rule to world
Non-Aryans – “inferiors” – Ex. Jews, Slavs, homosexuals,
mentally disabled (meant to serve the Aryans)
Nazis come to power
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Why: _____________________
War debts and loans from America / investments =
Germany struggled!
Hitler’s Private army: BROWN SHIRTS
(storm troopers)
Nazis: strongest political party in Germany (1933)
- Weimer Republic was destroyed by Nazis
And Hitler established his “THIRD REICH”
(1,000 year Reich / reign / government)
Militarists / Imperialists
gain control
(INVASIONS)
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-
Gen. Hideki TOJO Japan – Attacked and
invaded MANCHURIA (1931)
League of Nation reaction: NOTHING!
German Reaction: Hitler and Nazis invade
the RHINELAND
- German region that borders France
League of Nation reaction: NOTHING!
INVASIONS / IMPERIALISM
NOW….Mussolini wants to imperialize or
invade….ETHIOPIA (AFRICA)
So….
Japan (Hideki Tojo) = Manchuria
Germany (Hitler)= Rhineland
Italy (Mussolini) = Ethiopia
League of Nations ????
Francisco Franco
Rebelled against Spain
Spanish Civil War
Hitler and Mussolini sent
support: FASCISM
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Outcome of Spanish Civil War:
Francisco Franco became Fascist DICTATOR of Spain
American response: 3,000 troops
Abraham Lincoln Battalion
- America against Franco
Rome-Berlin Axis
Spanish-American War established an alliance between Italy
(Mussolini) and Germany (Hitler) called the
United States Respond
CAUTIOUSLY (Isolationism)
Americans sponsor Isolationism
(AFTER WWI)
Remember: Kellogg-Briand Pact
*Italy promised to not use war as national policy – NO
plan to deal with countries that broke their pledge!
 Roosevelt and Congress pass the:
*********Neutrality Acts***** (3 sets)
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- passed by congress in order to keep the United States out of
future wars
Example: outlawed weapon sales and loans to countries at war
or even civil wars
QUARANTINE SPEECH
FDR’s response to Neutrality Acts:
“QUARANTINE SPEECH”
- FDR spoke out AGAINST isolationism and
asked peace-loving countries to “bottle up” or
“quarantine aggressor nations” in order to
stop the spread of war
- FDR’s stance AGAINST
Isolationism / neutrality and
Aggression (in Europe)
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FDR’s
“GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY”
Franklin Roosevelt's idea to
ABOLISH “military actions” in
Latin America & ESTABLISH
“healthy democratic relationships”
with Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary = U.S. will act as “police” & use
military action in Latin America
Good Neighbor Policy = Allies / friendly actions
Common goal: More Democratic relationship with
Latin America
Leaders / Dictators of the world chart
Directions: Describe the ambitions and ways
each leader gained strength after WWI /
Create a 5 part chart
(1) Stalin
(2) Mussolini
(3) Hitler
(4) Franco
(5) Roosevelt
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War in Europe
Hitler’s Plan (Absorb land into Third Reich)
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(1)
Austria (created out of the Treaty of Versailles)
- Majority of Austria wanted to be unified w/ Germany
(2)
Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)
France and British Reaction: protect Czech
Hitler’s invitation “MUNICH
AGREEMENT”
French Premier … and British Prime Minister
(Neville
Chamberlain)
Chamberlain vs. Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill: political rival to
Chamberlain
Churchill called this scenario:
APPEASEMENT giving up your
principles in order to
“pacify” an aggressor.
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********Example of Appeasement
“Munich Agreement”
RESULT: HITLER “imperializes”
Sudetenland / Chech.
APPEASEMENT
The German OFFENSIVE
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Germany / Hitler: land-hungry gaze into
POLAND (Third Stop)
Leads to the signing of the
“NONAGGRESSION PACT”
signed between Stalin and Hitler
(1) Never attack each other
(2) Split Poland
Problem: Hitler gets greedy
and attacks!!!
Nonaggression
Pact
BROKEN by HITLER
Germany attacks Poland
Blitzkrieg in Poland
Blitzkrieg: lightning war / German strategy
(attack early and surprise the enemy)
 “LUFTWAFFE” – German air force
 Two days after the attack on Poland, France and
Britain declared war on Germany (promised military
aid)
**** What event started WWII??????
- Germany’s attack on Poland (1939)
WWII starts in 1939
AMERICA IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED YET!!!!!
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Fall of France
Germany attacks France from the North and
Italy attacks from the South
Charles de Gaulle: fled France and set up a
French government in exile (England)
“France lost the battle, but not the war!”’
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Battle of Britain
Germany attacks by AIR
(couldn’t compete with British Navy)
 German “LUFTWAFFE” begins bombing!
• (BRITISH) Royal Air Force (RAF) takes control
• RAF shoots down 145 German planes in one day
(Sept 15, 1940)
• End Result: Hitler calls off the
German invasion of the Britain
- Churchill praises RAF
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What event led Britain and France to
declare war on Germany?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Germany’s invasion of Austria
Germany’s annexation of the Sudetenland
Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia
Germany’s invasion of Poland
Visuals (Choose 2) and “detailed”
description of each theme
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Rise of Dictators
Imperialist Invasions
League of Nation’s reaction to imperialism
Mein Kampf and goals
Spanish Civil War
Neutrality Acts
Quarantine Speech
Good Neighbor Policy
Munich Agreement and Appeasement
Nonaggression Pact