Transcript France - nimitz65

Western Europe
What countries are part of Western
Europe?
Countries of Western Europe
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France
Germany
Monaco
Switzerland
Belgium
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Austria
• France and Germany
are the dominant
countries in Western
Europe
• They are the two
largest countries and
they have built
productive economies
• Between the fall of
Rome and
Renaissance,
feudalism developed
in Europe
• Feudalism is a
political system in
which powerful lords
owned most of the
land.
• Over time, strong
kings gained power
and nationalism
evolved
Feudalism
Nationalism
• Nationalism is the
belief that people
should be loyal to
their nation and to the
people with whom
they share land,
culture and history
• The nation-states of
Europe became strong
rivals and war broke
often between France
and Austria or France
and Germany
• The nationalist rivalry
and competition for
colonies helped cause
World War I
• When WWI was over,
the Allies (including
France) imposed stiff
sanctions on Germany.
These lead to WWII.
War
Economy
• Because of their
strong economy,
Western Europeans
enjoy a high standard
of living and can
afford to buy material
goods, such as cars
and computers
France
French Revolution
• French developed into a strong nationstate with a king that had absolute power.
• In 1789, the people rebelled against the
king and formed a republic, inspired by the
American Revolution of 1776
• However a few years later an army officer,
Napolean Bonaparte, seized power and
became emperor.
World Wars
• During both World Wars, Germany took
control of France
• The United States helped liberate France
from Germany during both World Wars
Eiffel Tower
Built to commemorate the
French Revolution in 1889
Louvre Musuem
A medieval fortress, the palace of the kings of
France, and a museum for the last two centuries
Palace of Versailles
Home of Louis XIII – XVI
maintaining the Palace, including the care and feeding of its staff
and the Royal Family, consumed as much as 25% of the entire
government income of France.
Notre Dame Cathedral
Mt. Blanc in France- Tallest in Europe
Germany
The Reformation
• A religious movement created
new differences in Europe.
• The Catholic church was
questioned in 1517 by Martin
Luther, a German monk and
the Reformation began.
• Many people broke away
from the Catholic church and
started Protestant churches
• Mutual hostility between
Catholics and Protestants
started many religious wars in
Europe
• Germany, lead by Adolf
Hitler and the Nazis tried to
conquer Europe.
• Hitler convinced the
German people that they
were a superior race
• They also carried out the
Holocaust, a program of
mass murder of European
Jews and other minorities
• After the war, Germany was
split into two nations. West
Germany was allied with
Western Europe and East
Germany was allied with
Russia
World War II
Berlin Wall
• The capital of Germany was also split into
two parts, divided by a physical barrier
called the Berlin Wall.
• In 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down and
communism fell in Eastern Europe
• Germany reunited under a democratic
government
“Checkpoint Charlie”
Berlin Wall Construction
When the Berlin wall was first started it consisted mainly of
barbed wire and armed guards. However, it did not take
long for the wall to be fortified.
On the East
Berlin side was
a lighted control
area. Anyone
who reached
this area were
shot on sight,
without warning.
.
1989
Berlin Wall
comes down
Remnants of the Berlin Wall
The Arts
• Many famous fairytales are from
Germany:
(Goldilocks, Hansel & Gretel, Rumplestiltskin,
Sleeping Beauty, Snow White…) By the Brothers
Grimm
• Much Classical music by Germans:
Beethoven, Bach, Brahms, Handel…
• Famous German inventions: pocketwatch,
bicycles, x-ray machines, printing press
Neuschwanstein Castle
This castle was one of several castles built during King Ludwig II’s
reign. King Ludwig incurred much debt from building elaborate castles.
In order to be released from paying his debt, a friend physician declared
him insane, thus the nickname “Mad King Ludwig”. King Ludwig then
resigned as king. Just weeks later, his physician friend was murdered
and the former king mysteriously drowned in a pond.
“Mad” King Ludwig II lived in this castle for only six weeks before his
resignation and death. Only a small portion inside this huge castle was
completed. The majority of this castle was never completed and remains
as it was before the king gave up his throne.
Disney’s castle for Cinderella originated from Neuschwanstien.
Belgium/Netherlands/Luxembourg
• BENELUX or LOW
countries
• Densely populated
• Windmills to pump water
out of Polders
Tulip field & Amsterdam
Switzerland
•Swiss cheese
•Swiss army knife
•Swiss watches
•Swiss Alps
• Neutral in world affairs
• Capital is BERN
Matterhorn Mt. in the Swiss Alps
Switzerland & Austria
-Both located in the Alps
In this true movie “Sound of Music” a family escaped
from Austria and crossed over the Alps to Switzerland.
Austria (NOT Australia)
On the Danube River
Cathedral in Vienna, Austria
Austria is famous for Music (As in Sound of Music)
Strauss, Mozart