Transcript WORLD WAR II - US History With Ms. Squires

WORLD WAR II
Ch. 15
A Rumor of War
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1931 – Japan invades Manchuria
 The
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1933 – Hitler withdraws from the League of Nations
and re-arms Germany
 The
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League and the US do nothing
League does nothing
1934 – Japan withdraws from the League of
Nations and fails to renew the Washington Naval
Treaty
A Rumor of War
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1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia
 The
League does nothing
 The US does nothing; forbids African Americans from
sending aid to support Ethiopia
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Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937
 The
US would not trade arms or give loans to any
belligerents in time of war
Is this what we really
want?
“No Foreign
Entanglements”
A Rumor of War
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1936-1939 – the Spanish Civil War
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1937 – Japan invades further into China
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The US does nothing
March 1938 – Anschluss
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The US remains strictly neutral while other powers intervene
Hitler brought Austria into his Reich
September 1938 – Munich Conference
“Appeasement”
 Allowed Hitler to claim Sudentenland
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March 1939 – Germany annexes Czechoslovakia
A Rumor of War
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August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
 And
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secretly – to divide Poland in half
September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland
 Blitzkrieg-
“Lightning war”- speed and firepower to
penetrate into enemy territory
 World War II begins
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Neutrality Act of 1939
 “Cash
and Carry”- buy arms from US with cash and
transport the goods themselves
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June 1940 – the fall of Paris
Early World War II
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June 1940 – the fall of Paris
Early World War II
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1940-1941 – the Battle of Britain
 The
“Blitz”
 Blitz Film
 Edward R. Murrow
 “This…is

London”
Churchill We Shall Fight Speech
Early World War II
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Public opinion in the US
 Committee
to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
 America First Committee
 Charles
Lindbergh- leading isolationist voice
 Believed real threats to America were Soviet Union and
Japan--- shouldn’t waste our time saving Britain
Early World War II – America’s Response
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1935, 1937, 1939 – Neutrality Acts
September 1940 – the Destroyer Deal
 “cash and carry”
September 1940 – Japan, Germany, and Italy form the
Tripartite Pact
Late 1940 – Mid 1941 – Increasing embargoes on
supplies (especially oil) to Japan
January 1941 – the Four Freedoms Speech
 Freedom from fear, freedom from want, freedom of
speech, freedom of religion
March 1941 - Lend-Lease Act
The Tripartite Pact
Prelude to War
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June 1941 – Germany invades the
Soviet Union
The
Great Patriotic War
Soviet resistance and harsh winter stops
their advance
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa
y
y
3,000,000 German soldiers.
3,400 tanks.
Atlantic Charter
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1941 Conference between Churchill and FDR
Outlined plans for world peace, including the UN
USSR adopts agreements
The War
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December 7, 1941 – “A date which will live in
infamy”
 The
attack on Pearl Harbor
2,500 US people killed
 15 ships destroyed or damaged
 288 aircraft destroyed or damaged

 Could
prevent Americans from mounting a resistance
against Japan
 False sense of security in the harbor
 US declares war
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
FDR Asks for War
Mobilizing for War
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US army and navy numbers doubled
All races joined the fight
Women’s Army Corps (WAC) was established
 Provided
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instructors, truck drivers, lab technicians
WPB and OWM supervised war efforts in industry
Europe and North Africa
The War
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“Europe First” policy
Battle of the Atlantic
 Sonar
 Radar
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1942 – the year of turning points
 El Alamein- British won victory
 Stalingrad- ended realistic plans for Hitler to dominate
Europe
 Midway- ended Japanese advance in the pacific
Operation Torch
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Invade North Africa Nov. ‘42 – Dwight Eisenhower in
command.
American loss to Germans at Kasserine pass
George Patton Jr. takes charge.
US and British begin to drive east
Forced Germans to surrender in Tunisia May ‘43
Invasion of Italy
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July ‘43 Allies invade Italy
Axis forces escaped to Italian
mainland
Allies gained control of western
Mediterranean
Mussolini rule ended
Italy surrendered to Allies
Fighting continued between
Germans and Allies
The Italian Campaign
Sicily: June 1943
General George S. Patton
Tehran Conference
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Late November 1943
Stalin pushes for a second front
Roosevelt and Churchill concede some control in eastern
Europe to Stalin
D-Day
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“Operation Overlord”
Eisenhower in command
June 6, 1944
Biggest amphibious invasion in history
British and American troops to land in 5 beaches at Normandy
Americans in heavy fighting at Omaha Beach
Mantle of leadership transfers to US
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D-Day Scene
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D-Day
Eisenhower Gives the Orders for “Operation Overlord”
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Normandy Landing
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
The Battle of the Bulge
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Fall 1944
 Hitler’s
last offensive
 Nearly breaks Allied lines
 Germans caught Allies by surprise and created a bulge
in the American line and captured several towns.
 Allied bombers attacked German lines and pushed
Germans out of France
 Battle
of the Bulge Video
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
Yalta Conference
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FDR wants quick Soviet entry into Pacific war
FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer
FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak
Germany
Churchill wants strong Germany as buffer against Stalin
FDR argues for a ‘United Nations’
The Yalta Conference
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Free elections for Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania
Division of Korea at 38th Parallel
The Big Three at Yalta
US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River April
25, 1945
V-E Day
V-E Day
Potsdam Conference
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A different Big Three? (Stalin, Truman, Atlee)
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Germany divided into four zones: French, British, US, USSR
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New borders for Poland
The Big Three at Potsdam
New President
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FDR dies 1945
Harry S. Truman became the nations new president
The Pacific
Fighting in the Pacific

General MacArthur commanded forces in the
Philippines
 Struggled
to hold position
 Japanese forces attacked and pushed the Allies to the
Bataan Peninsula
 The soldiers surrendered
 Japanese troops forced the POWs to march 55 miles
up the peninsula to reach a railway (Bataan Death
March)
 7000 soldiers died
Bataan Death March
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW
camps in the Philippines.
Fighting in the Pacific
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Doolittle Raid
 Colonel
Doolittle led American B-25 bombers against
Tokyo
 Killed 50 people and damaged 100 buildings
 Boosted American morale
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Battle of Coral Sea
 USS
Lexington and USS Yorktown fought Japanese
warships
 Never saw each other, sent airplanes to attack ships
 Ended in a draw
The Pacific
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Battle of Midway June 1942
 Turning
point of war in the Pacific
 Japanese navy on the defensive
 Admiral Chester Nimitz
Battle of Midway June 4-6, 1942