Transcript Group 10

Room Two
Room
Five
Museum Entrance
Room Four
Room Three
Room One
Welcome to the Museum of
The Nuremberg Trials
Curator’s
Offices
Holly Moore
Curator’s
Office
My name is Holly Moore. I hope you enjoyed
our museum.
Contact me at [Your linked email address]
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The Nuremberg Trials Room
Room 1
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Nuremberg Prisoners Room
Room 2
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Evidence Room
Room 3
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Nuremberg trials Testimony, and death
Room 4
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Nuremberg: The Movie
Room 5
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Artifact 1
The Nuremberg trials were an early experiment
in simultaneous translation. The charter of the
International Military Tribunal stated that the
defendants had the right to a fair trial and that,
accordingly, all proceedings be translated into
a language that the defendants understood.
Each of the four international judges also had
to understand the proceedings. The US
Company IBM developed a translation system
based upon an earlier translation system it had
installed at the League of Nations in 1931. In
this earlier system, speeches were pretranslated and then read simultaneously in the
various languages.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007148
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Exhibit
Artifact 2
Nuremberg had witnessed the infamous Nazi
Party rallies and by holding the trials there, it
would emphasize the party's end. Also the
large Palace of Justice had been largely
undamaged by Allied bombing and it contained
a large prison within its complex which was
convenient for the Allies.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nuremberg_war_crime_trials.htm
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Exhibit
Artifact 3
There were 25 prisoners in the Nuremberg
Trials. All of them faced four possible
indictments that they could be charged with. Of
the 25 prisoners, twelve were sentenced to
death, two were sentenced to 20 years in
prison, one got 10 years in prison, one got 15
years in prison, three were sentenced to life in
prison, and six were acquitted.
1) Participation in a common plan or
conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime
against peace.
2) Planning, initiating and waging wars of
aggression and other crime against peace.
3) War Crimes
4) Crimes against humanity.
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nuremberg_war_cri
me_trials.htm
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Exhibit
Artifact 4
Marie Claude Vallant-Couturier was 33 when
she testified against the Nazis. She provided a
particularly powerful testimony about what she
saw at Auschwitz in 1942. She described how
she once saw a young boy refuse to give his
pet dove to a Nazi and was shot. She also told
of how she heard that when the Nazis had run
out of gas once, they threw the children into the
furnace alive! She said that while separating
those who would go tot eh gas chambers and
those who would survive, the Nazi orchestra
were playing happy, joyous songs.
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/trials/nurnbergtrial.html
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Exhibit
Artifact 5
Herman Goering, a top Nazi official,
surrendered to the U.S. on May 6th, 1945.
When he rose to power in the Nazi Party in
1932, Hitler allowed him to create the Gestapo
and establish concentration camps. Goering
once attempted to take Hitler’s title as Furher
when it seemed that Hitler was powerless.
Hitler then stripped him of his titles and ranks
and put him under house arrest. When Hitler
committed suicide to avoid capture, Goering
left his house and immediately went to the
Americans and surrendered. When in prison,
he finally got off his morphine addiction.He
begged to be shot instead of hanged and when
his request was vetoed, he took his own life
using potassium cyanide.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 6
The Nuremberg Trials were held in the Palace
of Justice. There were four chief prosecutors at
the Nuremberg Trials: Robert H. Jackson
(United States), Francois de Menthon (France),
Roman A. Rudenko (Soviet Union), and Sir
Hartley Shawcross (Great Britain)
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 7
All of the prisoners plaeded not guilty for their
crimes and all were convicted. The indicted
include Hermann Goering (Hitler's heir
designate) and Rudolf Hess (deputy leader of
the Nazi party).
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId
=10007722
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Exhibit
Artifact 8
This is where the prisoners stayed during the
trials. Clearly, they didn’t have many things in
their cells, although Herman Goering managed
to sneak in a cyanide crystal pill, which he used
to kill himself so he wouldn’t be hanged. The
cells were small and miserable, but the
prisoners were allowed to have certain things
in there, like cosmetics- to freshen up before
they appeared on trial.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 9
There was a video shown at the Nuremberg
War Trials that showed the terrible and
miserable conditions there. A slideshow put
together that showed Leipzig, Penig, Hadamar,
Breendonck, Nordhausen, Arnstadt,
Mauthausen, Buchenwald, and Dachau. It
showed the furnaces, the gas chambers, and
the state of the prisoners.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pQJ42ONPDo
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Exhibit
Artifact 10
In a video shown during the Nuremberg trials,
there was a map at the beginning showing the
locations of Nazi concentration camps. The red
on the map to the right are death camps and
the green are concentration camps, labor
camps.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 11
This is the first part of the opening statement of
the Nuremberg trials. U.S. Supreme Court
Justice Robert H. Jackson gave the opening
statement, and later presented the video that
proved the terrible truth of the Nazis’
concentration camps. (Artifact 9)
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 12
Photographs, artifacts, and a map presented
as evidence at the International Military
Tribunal. Nuremberg, Germany, between
November 20, 1945, and October 1, 1946.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 13
Albert Speer was present at the session of
the Reichstag of 30th January 1939, were Hitler
told Albert all Jews were to be annihilated. He
died September 1, 1981. In his testimony he
admits to feel guilt to having approved of the
persecution of the Jews and of the murder of
millions of them. The tribunal finds that Speer
is not guilty on counts one, and two, but is
guilty under counts three and four.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 14
Rudolf Hoess had his testimony on Monday,
April 15, 1946. He was hung to death after his
testimony on April 16, 1946. He was proven
guilty. Admitting to the massacre of 2 million
Jews, all men, women, and children. He also
adds he was commander of the camp
Auschwitz, from 1940 to 1943.
.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 15
Hermann Goering’s testimony took place
March 19, 1946. Goering died in October 15,
1946, he was charged on four counts (crimes
against peace, war crimes, crimes against
humanity). He was convicted and sentenced to
death by hanging. However, on the eve of his
scheduled execution, he committed suicide by
ingesting cyanide in his prison cell.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 16
Hans Munch was a part of the German
Nazi party. In his testimony Hans admits to
already being aware of the extermination
camps. He was proven un guilty, and died
in 2001.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 17
In the movie Nuremberg, Brian Cox plays
Herman Goering, a top Nazi official who turned
himself into the Americans on May 6, 1945.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 18
In the movie Nuremberg, Alec Baldwin played
Robert Jackson, the U.S. Prosecutor in the
Nuremberg Trials.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 19
The four chief prosecutors of the Nuremberg
Trials: Robert H. Jackson (United States),
Francois de Menthon (France), Roman A.
Rudenko (Soviet Union), and Sir Hartley
Shawcross (Great Britain). Jackson was the
head prosecutor during the trials.
http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId
=10007722
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Exhibit
Artifact 20
In the movie Nuremberg, Goering (Brian Cox)
surrenders. He hands over his weapons and
acts completely friendly. The soldiers get
suspicious when he first drives up because of
the Nazi flags on his car, (in the bottom left
corner of the picture.)
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 21
The movie Nuremberg, starring Alec Baldwin
and Brian Cox, shows a detailed performance
of what happened during the Nuremberg trials.
The film follows Jackson from his preparations
for the trial to the outcome of the trial itself,
paying particular attention to the interplay
between Jackson and the Nazi thugs he is
trying to prosecute.
Linked citation goes here
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Exhibit
Artifact 22
The Nuremberg Trials were criminal
proceedings against 23 leading German
physicians and administrators for their willing
participation in war crimes and crimes against
humanity. In Nazi Germany, German
physicians planned and enacted the
"Euthanasia" Program, the murdering of those
they deemed "unworthy of life." The victims
included the mentally retarded, the
institutionalized mentally ill, and the physically
impaired. Most of the victims were Jews, Poles,
Russians, and also Roma (Gypsies).
Linked citation goes here
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Entrance
Artifact 23
The outcome of the Nuremberg Trials: On
October 1, 1946 the judgement was read;
twelve of the defendants were sentenced to
death, three sentenced to life imprisonment,
four given prison sentences ranging from ten to
twenty years, and three were acquitted.
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Back Wall Artifact
Dr. Joseph Mengele was a Nazi doctor who
experimented on the patients. In 1937 Mengele
joined the Nazi Party. The following year, the
same year in which he received his medical
degree, he joined the SS. In June 1940,
Mengele was drafted into the army, and
thereafter volunteered into the medical service
of the Armed SS. He was charged with crimes
against humanity for the terrible experiments
he did. He was never captured.
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=100
07060
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