Transcript 0.1_CANADA WWII

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GERMANY
 Hated Treaty of Versailles
 War Guilt Clause, $32 billion in reparations,
printed $, inflation.
-The west tried to make payments easier.
- Germany still could not meet payments.
U.S. gave Germany money &
later lowered payments but
recalled these loans when
depression hit.
ASIA
 Japan hit hard by tariffs.
 Keynesian economics – gov’t $ to help.
 Invade China for much needed resources.
RUSSIA
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1917 = Bolshevik Revolution => U.S.S.R.
Appeared to work during depression
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=> people questioned capitalism.
Stalin = dictator
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policies = millions of deaths.
SLIDE FROM
CH.
4
Rd. p 120 Rise of Totalitarianism
STALIN’S SOVIET UNION
 1917 = Communism (Lenin)/ 1924 = Stalin
 5 Yr. Plans – Industrialize the USSR
 1st Collectivization agr. => 2nd Industrialize.
 Censorship, secret police, Great Purge, Gulags
Millions would die from “Man of Steel”
“Messier”
SPAIN - Francisco Franco
Stalin / ‘Mr. Paranoia’
MUSSOLINI’S ITALY (Il Duce)
 Fascism - authoritarian gov’t / .
 Supported by middle class.
 Blackshirts intimidated for the National Fascist Party.
 Anti-communist but used Soviet model as an example.
 Censorship, Ind., Agr., & labour all under his control.
**Invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
“Hulk Hogan”
GERMANY (Fuhrer Hitler / 1933)
 WW I = democratic Weimar Republic => lost trust of the people .
 Nazis to power in 1921 (National Socialist German’s Worker Party)
 Censorship, fear, SS / Gestapo, defied Treaty Of Versailles
(Reparations / Increased Military), Autobahn, Improved
Economy/Jobs.
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Master ‘Aryan’ Race – Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnact, Final
“George St. Pierre”
Solution, Holocaust (more to come )
-A brutal depression led to
Spanish Civil War.
- Franco = help from Mussolini
& Hitler.
-Despite Canadian help Franco
= violent
controlling fascist dictator.
“Brad Marchand”
JAPAN
- Depression allowed military
& large corporations to take
control.
-Run like a Fascist state but
controlled by Emperor.
-Power through seizing
resources – Asia.
** Invaded
Manchuria
(1931)
“Lance Armstrong”
Emperor
Hirohito
In your groups make your own
analogy pairings (similar to
Truant’s sports analogies). Be
prepared to explain your analogies
to the class.
Ideas – Movie stars, Cars,
Entertainers, Canuck players,
Teachers (be nice!!!), Politicians,
Fast food outlets, Stores, etc.
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
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Too harsh???? / Loans called in.
APPEASEMENT
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-Germany Advances: Rhineland=> annexed Austria
=> Sudetenland (Germans in Czech) => “Peace In Our Time” => Czech.
NAZI-SOVIET NON-AGGRESSION PACT
Hitler wanted Poland / Russia would see it as a threat
 Deal => Hitler take Poland give half to Soviets (Russia)
 Germany took Poland & Brt. & Fr. declare war.
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FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
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No army to back it up. (Depression/No USA)
 Japan invades Manchuria (China).
 Resources needed
 League condemned ;Japan left League.
 Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
 Angry that Italy received no land after WW I .
 League boycott does not include oil .
 => Hoped Italy would join against Germany.
HITLER TO POWER – 1933
Economy up, Charisma, Hope.
MANDATORY CONSCRIPTION /
RE-ARMAMENT- 1935
Jobs, Power, “A great Germany”
SAAR VOTE – 1935
Voted to join Germany – Economy / Hope
RHINELAND – 1936
To be demilitarized zone.
Bluff => Retreat if challenged
ANSCHLUSS / AUSTRIA 1938
Treaty forbade / Hitler feared loss & invaded
with no resistance.
SUDETENLAND – 1938
Reunite Ethnic Germans – Benes to challenge
Chamberlain “Peace In Our Time”
Hitler – “No more territorial demands”
NAZI-SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT.
Invade Poland split
Territory.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA / MUNICH – 1939
Hitler takes rest of Czech.
Loses all credibility.
AN AUTONOMOUS CANADA
In WW I if Britain was at war,
Canada was at war. Now Canada
was an autonomous country.
PARLIAMENT VOTES FOR WAR
- Parliament encouraged Canadians
to support the war effort.
-King promised ‘no conscription’.
-Remember WW I????
-Sept 10, 1939, Canada declared war.
“Cautious”
MOBILIZING CANADA’S RESOURCES
- No cheering crowds like WW I
- 58 000 volunteers.
- Canada = small unprepared
armed forces.
- Aboriginals still = highest %
BRITISH COMMONWEALTH
AIR TRAINING PLAN (BCATP)
- King hoped to avoid conscription by
showing our support through supplies
& training.
-BCATP created to
train pilots.
TOTAL WAR
– all resources put towards war effort.
-Howe put in charge of Dept. of
Munitions & Supplies.
-produce everything from wheat & beef,
to planes & tanks.
CANADA’S WW II “isms”
Canada/USA – Isolationism
Anti-Semitism
C.D. Howe
(“Min. of Everything”)
Ardennes Forest
Surprise Attack
To avoid the French
Maginot Line
ALLIES
Britain
France
Commonwealth
AXIS
Germany
Italy
Japan
- Canada
- New Zealand
1941
- Australia
***USA
***USSR
WW II : THE START
“Phony War”
-7 months of nothing.
April 1940 Gemany launched “Blitzkreig”
- first Denmark & Norway.
- Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Belgium.
- French troops pushed to shores of the
English Channel (Port of Dunkirk)
GERMAN BLITZKREIG
Surprise/Speed/Strength
(‘Lightning War’)
Luftwaffe sent to
cut communication
Parachute
behind the enemy
Tanks rolled thru
front lines.
Soldiers followed to
clean up afterwards
EVACUATION AT DUNKIRK
- 340 000 Allied troops surrounded.
- ‘Anything that ‘floats’ sent to rescue => ‘A Miracle’
- Morale was boosted even though great losses.
BATTLE OF BRITAIN – ‘Operation Sea Lion’
-“The Blitz” Hitler bombed RAF, industry,
harbours, miliray, & London.
-Blitz failed due to radar, Spitfire, & Hurricane.
- Was Hitler closer than he thought????
‘Blitz’ caused high
civilian losses.
RAF Spitfire
OPERATION BARBAROSSA – ‘Red Beard’
-Hitler broke Non-Aggression Pact.
- wanted Soviet agr., resources, oil, & labour.
- Early success => ill-equipped for winter.
- Troops spread thin in Africa.
NORTH-AFRICA CAMPAIGN – ‘Desert War’
-A war of: resources (oil in Mid East)
- Strategic locations (Suez Canal / St. of Gibraltor)
- Italian failures forced Germany to spread army thin.
Pearl Harbor
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
-Japan knew USA threatened oil, rubber, & tin in Asia.
-Pearl Harbor (Dec.7, 1941 )=>USA became involved.
-Battle of Hong Kong / Black Christmas – Dec 25, 1941,Hong Kong fell to Japan.
-Every Canadian killed or POW / Harsh treatment = anti-Japanese.
-Carried over to internment camps.
- would later face war crimes
War in the Pacific
Japan
Philipines
USA
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BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC (RCN)
Allies reliant on Canadian & US goods & transportation.
 Wolf packs / U-boats became an issue.
 Early = adv. Germany / Later adv. Allies (more
ships/convoys/corvettes & cracked Naval code)
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WAR IN THE AIR (RCAF)
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Bomber Command
=>controversial bombing of German cities.
Britain bombed German cites in retaliation of the ‘Blitz’.
Industry, military, & German morale were targeted but
civilian losses caused heated debate.
Corvettes protected
convoys.
German u-boats targeted
British supplies.
Convoys were set up
To protect supply lines
From the ‘wolf packs’
THE DIEPPE RAID – Aug. 1942
- USSR in the East lost close to a million men.
- Stalin demanded the allies attack from west.
-Allied forces attempted to land at Dieppe.
-‘Disaster at Dieppe’ – 2nd Canadian Division to lead.
-Failure – Germ. convoy alerted => no surprise
- Pre-dawn delayed => broad daylight.
- tanks stuck on beach.
- poor communication.
-Disaster or Learning experience?????
THE ITALIAN CAMPAIGN
- Failure at Dieppe led Churchill to the “Soft Underbelly”
-Not Soft – 6 000 Canadians died in Italy.
- Battle of Sicily – Victory led to Mussolini’s downfall.
-Mussolini was overthrown & new government surrendered.
-Battle of Ortona – Canadians pushed Germans north and
Joined troops in France.
OPERATION OVERLORD – June 6, 1944.
-Five beaches – Sword, Juno (Canadians), Gold, Omaha, & Utah
- Reasons for success: paratroopers, weather,
secrecy (dummy camps),
After Juno, Canadians marched
through Dieppe, Belgium, &
the Netherlands.
VICTORY IN EUROPE
- Allies push from the west; USSR pushed from the east.
- Germany surrendered May 7, 1945.
- Hitler committed suicide.
-May 8 declared Victory in Europe (VE) Day
JAPAN SURRENDERS
- Fighting in the Pacific continued after VE Day.
- Japan = “Fight to the last person” despite fire-bombings.
- Truman and the Manhattan Project / Atomic Bomb.
- Canada supplied the uranium.
-Enola Gay => Hiroshima / Three days later = Nagasaki
- Japan surrendered Aug. 14, 1945.
As the troops closed in on Germany, the truth about
the Jewish people became known.
Buchenwald Concentration Camp
“The Ovens”
Families split, transported,
stripped, hair cut, deloused,
killed or sent to labour camps.
Hitler’s anti-Semitic views were well know by the 1930s.
The Nazi government adopted “The Final Solution”/ Genocide
By the end of thr war the Nazis killed 6 million Jews & another
5 million “undesirables”
Goering at Nuremberg Trials
Gruesome discoveries as
the allies move in.
Nazi medical experiments
The Nuremberg Trials put Nazi leaders on
trial for atrocities committed during the war.
It was the first time ever this had happened
Originally derived from words “”su” & “asti”
Translation = “it is well” / “well-being”
German dentist brought Hitler
the first rendition & it was adopted
As official on Sept.15th, 1935.
Hindus & Buddhists = Good fortune / success
Swastika Ontario.
Founded in 1908
1920 Europe = Good Luck
Found on: - Art
- Poker Chips
- Children’s Books
- Board Games
Should they have
changed the name?
Prior to Nazi Germany the Greeks,
Native Americans, Africans, and even
ancient Troy had used the symbol.
Flying the Swastika in Germany
today is a serious crime
Rosie the Riveter” – Nickname for women workers.
Canada
USA
Ronnie the Bren
Gun Girl
WOMEN & THE WAR EFFORT
They were in demand as factory workers
Even daycares provided.
CANADA’S WARTIME ECONOMY
-People were working & had $$$.
-King feared inflation & encouraged:
- Victory Bonds
- Increased Income tax,
- Wartime Prices & Trade Board
THE CONSCRIPTION CRISIS
- At start of war King promised no conscription.
- By 1940 we needed more men.
‘Not necessarily conscription, but conscription if necessary.’
- National Resources Mobilization Act. (NRMA)
- Allowed gov’t emergency powers (conscription)
- Plebiscite – Canada voted yes.
- Quebec did not.
- In reality only 2500 made it to the front.
(Controlled prices, tried to limit labor/union activity)
- Rationing
WPTB
The very popular
American campaign.
By the 1940s, over
23 000 Japanese
lived in Canada.
David Suzuki stayed in an
internment camp at age
six while his father was sent
to a labour camp.
Japanese fish boats tied up at the
mouth of the Fraser R. All were
shipped to concentration camps in
the interior.
One of the many interior camps
Prime Minister Brian Mulroney
signing the Japanese Canadian
Redress Agreement in 1988.
($21 000)
The government gave in to
public pressure and removed
the threat of spies. Many
had never set foot in Japan.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
- Due to war almost every sector of the Canadian economy boomed.
(Aluminum, wood, paper, mining, smelting, petroleum, production, transportation, processing, services)
- Canada transformed from a rural economy to a modern industrial nation.
- Manufacturing out did agriculture.
SOCIETAL CHANGES
-War increased prestige of women
- War brides
(48 000 came back to Canada)
- Unions build power with shortage of laborers
BUILDING AN IDENTITY
-By the end of WW II Canada was
-a major player in global conflict.
- One of the world’s top navies,
4th largest allied air force,
WAS IT WORTH IT???
CASUALTIES
COUNTRY
Canada
45 000
Britain
385 000
France
300 000
Germany
5 500 000
Soviets
8 668 000
Japan
2 100 000
USA
417 000
ALBERT EINSTEIN – “I don’t know what weapons
will be used in WW III, but in WW IV, people will
use sticks and stones” (1879-1955).
WINSTON CHURCHILL – “ An appeaser is one
who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last”.
WINSTON CHURCHILL – “A prisoner of war is
a man who tries to kill you and fails, and then
asks you not to kill them”.
How did WWII affect Canada:
Introduction
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A. socially, economically, and politically?
Socially
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B. Canadian Military?
Army
Navy
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C. DOMESTICALLY
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Economically
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Air Force
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INTERNATIONALLY
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Politcally
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Conclusion
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