Transcript France and Britain delcare war

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
tried to stave off war for as long as possible
 Munich Agreement.
Hitler took advantage of his wilty nature.
In 1939, Britain declared war on Hitler’s
Nazi Germany.
Winston Churchill replaces
Chamberlain as PM of
Britain.
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visit
Canada to try and raise support for Britain.
King George VI
PM King
Canada is an independent country. When
Germany invades Poland, France and
Britain delcare war. Canada waits a week,
then declares war as well.
Mackenzie King, a Liberal promises:
NO CONSCRPITION.
TAKING SIDES:
Axis:
Germany +
Nazi territory
Italy
Japan
TAKING SIDES:
Allies:
Britain
+ Commonwealth
France
USA (1941)
Russia (1941)
Neutral (?):
Spain (Axis)
- dictator: Franco
Portugal (Axis)
- dictator: Salazar
Turkey (Axis,
until 1945)
Belgium (Allies)
BLITZKREIG
means “lightning war”
Hitler’s strategy.
Tanks & Planes lead the charge
Highly effective:
Beat France in less than a year.
DUNKIRK:
All of the BEF and remaining French army are pinned on
the French coast. Every British ship sails across the
British channel – from navy ships to fishing boats – as
German airplanes bomb them.
Rescue 340 000 soldiers. Germans capture their guns,
trucks and ammo, but allies have propaganda victory.
France surrenders.
Hitler has conquered all
of Europe, except Britain
and neutral countries, by
1940.
Germany begins to
bomb Britain.
23 000 civilians die.
Britain wins.
BRITISH COMMONWEALTH
AIR TRAINING PROGRAM
King agrees that Canada will train British pilots.
130 000 are trained.
King hoped that this would be the extent of Canada’s
role in the war.
Children were
evacuated from big
cities, esp. London.
Some are shipped to
Canada.
Germany U-Boats sunk the
Volendam carrying 320 kids to
Canada.
All were rescued.
The City of Benares
wasn’t so lucky.
It carried 90 children
on its way to
Canada.
It was sunk.
77 of the 90 children were
killed.
Afterwards, no more children
were shipped to Canada.
Before the war,
Hitler had signed a
peace agreement
with Stalin in Russia.
Nazi-Soviet
Non-Aggression
Pact
1941-1942
Hitler tries to invade
Russia.
Russian army is
surprised.
Captured Russians
Stalin orders a retreat.
Russian troops burn
everything while fleeing.
Russian winter kicks in.
Nazis starve / freeze to
death.
PACIFIC THEATRE:
Also in 1941:
Japan bombs Pearl Harbor.
PACIFIC THEATRE
Also in 1941:
One day after Pearl Harbor,
Japanese take Hong Kong.
554 Canadians are killed.
Rest are PoWs
for 3.5 years…
BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC
• Longest battle of WWII (1939-1945)
• RCN accompanies merchant ships carrying vital
supplies to Britain.
• Merchant ships are unarmed, travel in convoys
with corvettes.
ITALY INVASION
• Cdns. Invade Sicily. Win in 2 weeks.
• Capture Ortona, but the price is 1372 soldiers.
D-DAY (1944)
•Allies launch an invasion of Europe at Normandy,
France.
• Cdns. Take Juno Beach with navy and air
support.
• Attack was secret… leads to victory in Europe.
CANADIANS NEED MORE SOLDIERS
1942 Conscription Crisis
Conservatives pressure King to have a plebiscite
on the issue of conscription.
• Bourassa leads 73% of Quebecois in opposition
to conscription.
• 83% of English Canadians favour conscription.
•KING: “Conscription if necessary, but not
necessarily conscription.
•In 1944, conscription is introduced.
FINAL VICTORY
THE BOMB
• Russia and US push
Hitler’s army back.
• Hitler kills himself.
• The Holocaust is
discovered.
• Japan keeps fighting.
AFTERMATH
Germans responsible for the Holocaust are tried
and either executed or sent to prison at Nuremberg
Trials.
Despite all this evidence:
The Holocaust is still
denied today by some
racists & neo-Nazis.
AFTERMATH
Americans were
responsible for the
bombing of
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
Nagasaki
bomb
AFTERMATH
Canadians had
imprisoned
JapaneseCanadians and
took and sold
their property.