Transcript Sept. 3
Introduction to WWII Quick Facts WWII – The Most Devastating War in History A. War Costs • • US Debt 1940 - $9 billion US Debt 1945 - $98 billion The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776 B. Human Costs • • • 2 50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others) When? •1939-1945 •US involvement 1941-1945 1939 Sept.1 Germany invades Poland (official start to the war) 3 1941 1945 Sept. 3 - Dec. 7 – Japan May - Sept. - Atomic Britain & France declare war on Germany bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War Germans Surrender Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender Who? Allies (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany Russia Italy United States Japan France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting) 4 Axis Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy 5 Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister Winston Churchill 6 British Prime Minister Major Leaders Joseph Stalin Russian Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt 7 US President Causes 1. Treaty of Versailles A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations B. War Reparations 1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S. 2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) 3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans 8 Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty Causes 2. World-wide Depression A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse. B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders. • Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems. • Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Roma (Gypsies), mentally ill, & others) 9 Hitler Gets Busy •Gestapo Created -- April, 1933 •Jewish Boycott – April, 1933 •Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933 •27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 •60,000 People in Camps – 1938 •Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941 10 German Territorial Gains •Austria – March, 1938 •Border of Czechoslovakia – Sept., 1938 •All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939 •Poland – Sept., 1939 •By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939 11 World shocked as France falls Results of Alliance to Hitler •Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939 Betrayed by 1941 •Mussolini and Italy, 1939 Off and on betrayed until Italian defeat in 1943 12 US Assistance Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: Lend-Lease - 1939 •US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain Atlantic Charter •US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany 13 London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze Meanwhile … in the Pacific Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy” What? •Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Effect? •US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor 14 Resources http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ppt/612/ww2.ppt#15 http://www.wayzata.k12.mn.us/whs/images/stories/academics/s ocial_studies/emcintyre/Intro%20WWII%20Forum%20Lecture.ppt 15