Transcript The Bulge, Then Surrender

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 Precious Time
 Begin
Notes: 14-4 Class Notes
 Homework:
• Study Guide Questions 34-36
• Work on WWII
Chapter 14 Section 4
How did World War II end in Europe and
Japan, and what were its immediate
effects on Europe, Japan and the
United States?
1 paragraph
April 1942 U.S. bombs
Tokyo
 Battle of Midway (June
1942)- U.S. win, this turns
the tide of war in Pacific
 Douglas MacArthur
(Allied commander in
Pacific):

• Creates “island hop”
strategy & cuts supply lines

Battle of Guadalcanal:
Japanese lose 23,000 men
 abandon island
 Battle
of the Bulge:
Germany’s last major
counterattack: they
lose
 9 million troops
surround Berlin
(April 1945)
 Hitler commits
suicide (April 1945)
 May 7, Germany
surrendered
unconditional.
 May 8, official
signing of surrender
= VE Day
 Japanese
Oct. 1944
fleet destroyed
 Manhattan
Bomb
Project: Atomic
 Atomic
Bombs dropped:
Hiroshima (Aug 6, 1945);
Nagasaki (Aug 9, 1945)
 100,000
killed instantly 
Several hundred-thousand
die later
 Japan
surrenders Sept. 2 to
General MacArthur
Photo of a deadly burnt victim taken in Hiroshima on
August 7th, 1945, this young man was located at the
moment of the explosion on an island 3000 meter from
the hypocenter
1st Atomic
Bomb – Little
Boy, dropped
on Hiroshima
August 6,
1945
2nd Atomic
Bomb – Fat
Man, dropped
on Nagasaki
August 9,
1945
 100,000
killed instantly  Several hundredthousand die later
60
million dead
Billions
of dollars in damage
lead to many cities being almost
completely destroyed
50
million people uprooted
from homes. This caused
displaced people to wander
Europe
Warsaw, Poland: went
from 1.3
million people to 150,000 people
Berlin, Germany: 95%
was destroyed
Europe
of the city
lacked food, water, &
electricity
Unstable
governments in
many countries (Germany,
Italy, France)
Communists
parties rise
after war
Nuremberg Trials
•International Military
Tribunal
•Nazis charged with
“crimes against
humanity”
Nuremberg Trials. Defendants in their dock; Goering,
Hess, von Ribbentrop, and Keitel in front row, 1946.
2
million dead & major cities
destroyed
U.S. occupation
of Japan MacArthur in charge
•Demilitarization: disband armed
forces
Japanese
war criminals were
brought to trial for “crimes
against humanity”
New
democratic government
leads to a new constitution –
modeled after the US Cons’t
Japanese
can’t make war, they
can only defend themselves.
Emperor
is no longer seen as
a god - New Democratic Gov’t
Costs of World
War II
 April
1945, 50 nations meet to establish a
charter for the United Nations.
 Structure
• General assembly:
 5 permanent members: U.S., U.S.S.R., Britain, France, and
China
 Has veto power – these are the real decision makers.
• Security council
 Can apply $ sanctions, send peace keeping military
force to solve disputes
 Goal
– ensure world peace, as much as
possible, avoid another world war.
Central Statement
The United States decision to drop two
atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki was not only
justifiable but also the only way to end
World War II.
Agree or disagree with this statement: 1
paragraph (6-8 sentences) and come
with 5 clear, bulleted points for debate