Transcript File - APUSH with Mr. Johnson

War Without Mercy:
The Pacific
Theater
Mr. Johnson
U.S. History & World History
Created by
Prof. John Tucker (ECU)
& John Johnson (HCHS)
Objectives
N.C. Standard Course of Study
World History
• Objective 5.03 – Analyze the causes and course of World War II and
evaluate it as the end of one era and the beginning of another
U.S. History
• Objective 10.02 - Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning
points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome
and aftermath of the conflict.
The War in China
Sino-Japanese War,
1937-1945
“Rape of Nanjing”
Mao Zedong & Chiang Kai-Shek
US Aid
December 7, 1941:
“A Date Which Will
Live in Infamy”
FDR’s Pearl Harbor Address
Click here for
text and audio
of the address
U.S. Enters the War
Allied strategy:
“Germany first”
War in the Pacific:
Island Hopping
American Commanders
Gen. Douglas MacArthur
Adm. Chester Nimitz
U.S. Army
U.S. Navy
Farthest Japanese Advance
Important Battles
1 • Invasion of Philippines, 1941 – Japanese seize control;
Bataan death march
2 • Coral Sea, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in South
Pacific
3 • Midway, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in mid-Pacific
4 • Guadalcanal, 1943 – First major landing of U.S. troops…
island hopping
5 • Leyte Gulf, 1944 – Major defeat for Japanese navy, U.S.
liberation of Philippines
6 • Iwo Jima & Okinawa, 1944-1945 – Small islands close to
Japan, kamikaze attacks, bomber bases!!!
Desperation:
Kamikaze
& Kaiten
Kaiten – “Shaking of the Heavens”
Kamikaze – “Divine Wind”
The Manhattan Project:
Developing the
Atomic Bomb
Incendiary Bombing – 1945
• 66 Japanese cities were
devastated by firebombing raids
• Incendiary bombs:
meant to demoralize and
cause mass destruction –
“total war”
• Total casualties from
incendiary bombings:
− 241,000 killed
− 313,000 wounded
Incendiary Bombing – 1945
Tokyo
51%
Wakayama
50%
Tokohama
58%
Okayama
69%
Toyama
99%
Nishinomiya
12%
Nagoya
40%
Shimonoseki
38%
Osaka
35%
Kawasaki
35%
Kure
42%
Yawata
21%
Kobe
56%
Kagoshima
63%
Omuta
36%
Amagasaki
19%
F.D.R.
• approved the development of
the atomic bomb –
“Manhattan Project”
• died April 12, 1945
Harry S. Truman
• VP for less than 3 months
• Knew nothing about the
development of the atomic
bomb
• Saw the atomic bomb as a
way to save American
lives
Atomic Politics
• Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
− Japan was clearly defeated, but would not surrender
− U.S., U.K. and K.M.T. China call for unconditional
Japanese surrender
− Japanese military refused to surrender, hoping that
U.S.S.R. would help with a diplomatic settlement
• The Manhattan Project
− Robert Oppenheimer and Los Alamos
− Trinity test explosion
Oppenheimer & Los Alamos
July 16, 1945, 5:29:45 am
First man-made atomic explosion
“Trinity”
“I am become Death, destroyer of worlds.”
-Oppenheimer
General Leslie Groves
• “The Atomic
General”
• saw use of atomic
bomb as a
preferable to
Soviet entry into
the Pacific war
Bomb Directive
• Selected targets:
− Hiroshima
− Kokura
− Niigata
− Nagasaki
• Cities relatively
undamaged by
previous bombing
raids were selected
Tongues of Fire:
Hiroshima
& Nagasaki
The Two Atomic Bombs
• August 6, 1945, 8:15 am
Hiroshima – “Little Boy”
bomb
− one bomb:
• 100,000 dead immediately
• 100,000 more dead in five years
• August 9, 1945, 11:02 am
Nagasaki – “Fat Man”
bomb
− one bomb:
• 70,000 dead immediately
• 70,000 more dead in five years
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Effects of the Atomic Bomb
• temperature at hypocenter: 5,400° F
• “a silent flash” to close observers, resulting in
death or severe burns
• black rain
• massive fire
• long term effects – “radiation sickness,” blood
and bone cancers, miscarriages, birth defects,
lesions, etc.
V-J Day:
Surrender
& Occupation
V-J Day – Times Square, NY
U.S. Occupation of Japan