Transcript WW2 ppt World War II09_2

World War II
What started WWII?
• Rise of Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany &
Militarism in Japan
• Factors that contributed to the rise of extremist
political philosophies
– WWI- Versailles Treaty: Humiliated Germany
• Germany had to pay “war reparations”
• Germany lost its colonies
• Germany had to dismantle its military
– Great Depression
Fascism
• Root of term: “fasces” --battle ax
• Definition:”political philosophy, movement,
or regime that exalts nation and often
race above the individual and that stands
for a centralized autocratic government
headed by a dictatorial leader”, 100%
capitalism…
Benito Mussolini
• Founded Fascist
Party in Italy in 1921
• Became dictator in
1922 by overthrowing
previous regime by
force
• Brownshirts
Mussolini’s Rise to Power
• Fascism v Socialism
Mussolini’s Rise to Power
• Fascism v Socialism
Adolph Hitler
• Adolph Hitler
– Rise because of
WWI, Depression
– Motivations:
• Glory of
Germany
• Room for Aryans
• Rid
“undesirables”
Hitler’s attempt to rise to power
• Tries to pull a
Mussolini in 1923
• Spends about 9
months in prison
• Writes Mein Kampf
Nazi Party
• Nazi-National Socialist
German Worker’s Party
• Initially, Hitler went to spy
on the Nazi Party
• He liked what he saw
• The Nazi Party won
majority of Reischtag in
1933
• Hitler heads party &
becomes Chancellor
Hitler becomes dictator
• Fuhrer (leader)
• Reishtag Fire
• Is granted
“emergency powers”
Hitler and Mussolini
• Both rise to power by
attacking communists
• Regimes in power
before overthrow
figure that fascism
would be better than
communism
Appeasement
• 1938
• Hitler wants the
Sudetenland (W.
portion of Czech)
• Chamberlain of GB &
Dedaliar of Fr
• Breaks promise
Germany’s Attack in Europe
• Germany invade
Poland
• Britian and
France declare
war on Germany
– Sept. 1, 1939
– Blitzkrieg
– Warsaw Ghetto
Germany’s Attack in Europe
• Denmark, Holland
• Norway (Quisling)
• Belgium and France
– Dunkirk
• Britain
– Winston Churchill
Alliances
• Hitler makes pact w/
Stalin in 1939 to not
attack each other
• Breaks agreement and
invades S. Union in 1940
• Allied Powers: France,
Britain & USSR (US joins
in 1941)
• Axis Powers: Italy,
Germany & Japan
Holocaust
• Holocaust- literally
means “whole
burning” in German
• Comes to denote a
massive genocide
• 6 million Jews & 4
million others
“undesirables” were
killed
Holocaust Continued
• Very gradual---came to power oppressing
communists, then Jews…other groupsgypsies, slavs, homosexuals, anyone too
old or too young to work in the occupied
areas
• At first, wanted just to get rid of Jews
• “Final Solution”--plan to exterminate Jews
was a last resort after many countries
refused to allow Jews in
Why?
• Eugenics--”good genes”
• Hitler believed (like many
others did) that there
were 2 groups of people:
weak and strong/ superior
inferior
• In US, Eugenics popular
in 1920s--led to
sterilization of mentally ill
• Hitler borrowed this idea
How did Hitler pull off the “Final
Solution?”
• Slow dismantling of
civil rights within
Germany (see
timeline)
• World was silent
• Anti-semitism (St.
Louis)
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=CaiU9Y
Jmod0
US Isolationism
• 1920-1941
• Result of WWI &
problems at home
– Kellogg-Briand Act
– Neutrality Act
FDR’s “Acts Short of War”
• FDR was an
“internationalist”
• Congress was largely
“isolationist”
• FDR got Congress to
pass
– Lend-Lease Act
– Destroyer Program
Role of Japan in War
• Like Germany & Italy,
Japan was
“nationalistic” and
wanted to expand its
empire
Why does the US eventually
enter WWII
• Japan attacks Pearl
Harbor
• Why? (Zinn/ text
readings)
Zinn Reading
• 1. Why does the author refute the idea that
the attack on Pearl Harbor was a
“surprise?”
• 2. Why does he think that Pearl Harbor
was attacked? What evidence does he
use to support his argument?
• 3. What is the larger point the author
seems to be making in this reading?
Japanese Internment Camps
• FDR passes
Executive Order #
9066 on Feb. 19th,
1942
Japanese in the U.S.-History
• Most “issei” arrived in
the U.S. b/w 1885 &
1921
• Most lived in Hawaii
or W Coast (esp Cali)
• Most worked in
agricultural sector
• Issei-1st generation
• Nissei-2nd generation
Anti-Japanese rules in US
• Japanese were not allowed to become US
citizens
• Not allowed in most labor unions
• Segregated schools
• Laws barring inter-racial marriage
• 1924 Exclusion Act
How the U.S. homefront was
affected
• Women worked for
war effort
• Draft
• Rationing
• Higher taxes
• Sacrifices were
shared!
Maximum Axis Control (Sept 1942)
Allied Counterattacks in
Europe
• Battle of Stalingrad
(winter 1942-43)
• D-Day (June
6,1944)
• US & Br from
West, USSR from
East
War in Europe ends
• As allies close in,
Hitler commits suicide
on April 8, 1945
• Surrender from Germ
on May 8, 1945 (V-E
day)
Allied Counterattacks in the
Pacific
• Midway
• Southeast Asia
• Island hopping
• Japanese main
islands
Pacific War
Aftermath of WWII
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nuremberg Trials
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Creation of UN
Creation of Israel
Movements for independence all over
Desegregation of Armed Forcees
Cold War b/w US and USSR