Transcript World War II in the Pacific

World War II in the Pacific
Chapter 32
Japan’s Aggressive Actions
• 1931 – Japan takes over
Manchuria
• 1937 – Japan invades China
• By July of 1941 – conquered
French Indochina (Vietnam),
Cambodia, and Laos
• Isoroku Yamamto
– Created a plan to attack the
U.S. fleet in Hawaii as well as
British and Dutch colonies in
the Pacific
United States Enters the War
• US had tried to remain
neutral, but fear of Germany
and Japan grew – FDR came
to believe that both were
great threats to US security
• US began the Lend-Lease
Program: US “loaned”
military supplies to allies
• By 1938, Japan occupied
northern and central China,
and US stopped shipping oil,
rubber, and metal to Japan
Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941
• When US refused to trade with Japan, Japan
enacted long-standing plan
• Badly crippled US navy
– Also attacked Clark Field in the Philippines (U.S.) and
Hong Kong (Great Britain)
• Congress declared war – FDR: “December 7th,
1941…a day that will live in infamy.”
• Within three days, Japan, Germany, Italy had
declared war on the US
• With US navy crippled, Japan took much of the
Pacific
Japan Advances in the Pacific
• With US crippled, Japan took much
of the Pacific (1941 – 1942)
– Guam, Wake Islands, Hong Kong,
Malaysia, Singapore, Burma, and
the Philippines
• Douglas MacArthur: “I shall return.”
• Bataan Death March (1942)
– 75,000 prisoners (Filipino and
American soldiers) forced to march
61 miles through the jungles
– War Crimes later charged due to
intense violence and inhumane
conditions
– @ 54,000 survived the march
Bataan Death March
Japanese Internment
• On February 19, 1942 President Roosevelt
signed Executive Order 9066 that authorized
US government to forcibly roundup 120,000
persons of Japanese ancestry into 10
internment camps. At this time, the Canadian
government interned 26,000 Japanese
Canadians.
• German and Italian-Americans Also
Interned, although not in the same
numbers as Japanese
• By 1944, 1,500 Japanese-Americans
volunteered for military service
– One of the most decorated military
units in US military history
The Pacific Theater
• May 7-8, 1942, Battle of the Coral Sea was a
tactical stalemate – but was the first one for Allies
– Also, the first ever aircraft carrier battle
• June 4-7, 1942, Battle of Midway was the turning
point in the war -- first victory for the US in Pacific
– Japan was trying to invade Midway Islands for a base
for invasion of Hawaii
– Japanese lost four carriers, two cruisers, and three
destroyers; US lost one carrier and one destroyer
Battles of the Coral Sea & Midway
Battle of Guadalcanal
• First part of Douglas
MacArthur’s “island
hopping” campaign
• August, 1942 – February,
1943
– Heavy fighting in the jungles
of the Solomon Islands
– First successful land battle for
the Americans vs. the
Japanese
– Japan looses 24,000 of 36,000
soldiers
– Prevented a Japanese
invasion of Australia
“Island Hopping”
• “Island Hopping” involved taking strategically important islands
and leaving others
– Many Japanese fought to the death
• Douglas MacArthur leads campaign
• Japanese engage in Kamikaze attacks
• At Saipan in June 1944, soldiers and women with babies jump off
of cliffs rather than face US occupation
• By end of June, 1945, Allies had taken Okinawa, Japan and most
of Japanese Navy and Air Force had been destroyed
• Japan still had an army of 2 million men
Island Hopping
• October 1944 – Battle of Leyte Gulf (Philippines)
– Japanese navy loses most of its fleet
– General MacArthur
• “People of the Philippines, I have returned.”
• March 1945 – U.S. Marines take Iwo Jima
– Heavy fighting, results in taking an island 760 miles
from Japan
• April 1945 – U.S. takes Okinawa
– Japan looses over 100,000 troops
Bombing of Japan
http://www.worldwar2database.com/html/normandy.htm
End of World War II in the Pacific
• April, 1945, FDR died and Harry S. Truman replaced
him as President
• Planned an invasion of Japan which would cost an
estimated 1,000,000 American lives and 2,000,000
Japanese lives
• August 6, 1945: Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima – leveled 4
mi/sq
• August 8, Russia declares war on Japan and invades
Manchuria
• Japan refused to surrender
• August 9, bomb dropped on Nagasaki
• Japan surrenders on the August 14, 1945 (V-J Day)
TABLE B
Per-Cent Mortality at Various Distances
Distance from X, in feet
Per-cent Mortality
0 - 1000
93.0%
A estimated
•The Department
Energy
that,
1000 - 2000 of TABLE
92.0
of2000
Casualties
Hiroshima
by Estimates
1950, 340,000
died from
- 3000 Japanese
86.0Nagasaki
Pre-raidor
population
255,000
195,000
injuries
illness
to the69.0atomic
3000
- 4000attributed
bombs
on Hiroshima
Nagasaki.
Dead dropped
66,000 and
39,000
4000 - 5000
49.0
Injured
5000 - 6000
Total Casualties
6000 - 7000
69,000
31.525,000
135,000
12.564,000
7000 - 8000
1.3
8000 - 9000
0.5
9000 - 10,000
0.0
http://www.worldwar2database.com
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/abomb/mp10.htm
World War II Casualties
Country
Military
Civilian
Total
U.S.S.R.
8,668,000
16,900,000
25,568,000
China
1,324,000
10,000,000
11,324,000
Germany
3,250,000
3,810,000
7,060,000
850,000
6,000,000
6,850,000
1,506,000
300,000
1,806,000
Yugoslavia
300,000
1,400,000
1,700,000
Rumania
France
Austria
Hungary
Greece
Italy
520,000
340,000
380,000
200,000
88,300
330,000
465,000
470,000
145,000
290,000
325,000
80,000
985,000
810,000
525,000
490,000
413,300
410,000
United Kingdom
326,000
62,000
388,000
USA
Netherlands
292,131
14,000
6,000
236,000
298,131
250,000
Czechoslovakia
10,000
215,000
225,000
Philippines
Belgium
Finland
Canada
India
Australia
Spain
Bulgaria
27,000
10,000
82,000
37,476
36,000
29,000
12,000
19,000
91,000
75,000
2,000
118,000
85,000
84,000
37,476
36,000
29,000
22,000
21,000
New Zealand
12,000
Norway
South Africa
3,000
9,000
U.K. Colonies
6,877
Poland
Japan
Denmark
Brazil
Totals:
2,000
943
18,684,727
10,000
2,000
12,000
7,000
10,000
9,000
6,877
1,800
40,892,800
3,800
943
59,577,527
Property Losses are estimated at a figure of $1,000,000,000,0001