Transcript world war ii - Collierville High School

WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC THEATHER
PACIFIC THEATHER
• “DECEMBER 7, 1941; A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN
INFAMY…THE U.S. WAS SUDDENLY AND
DELIBERATELY ATTACKED… BY THE EMPIRE OF
JAPAN”
• THIS CAUSED THE U.S. TO DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN;
DECEMBER 8, 1941
• THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC WAS SLOW BECAUSE
ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL HAD AGREED IN
DECEMBER OF 1941 TO FIGHT THE GERMANS FIRST,
1ST WASHINGTON CONFERENCE, CODE NAME
“ARCADIA”; ALSO BECAUSE THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET
HAD TO BE REPAIRED OR REPLACED FROM THE
DAMAGE AT PEARL HARBOR.
PACIFIC THEATHER
• JAPANESE FLEET THAT ATTACKED PEARL
HABOR CONSISTED OF:
• 4 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS(353 PLANES),
• 2 HEAVY CRUSIERS, 2 LIGHT CRUSIERS
• 2 BATTLESHIPS
• 11 DESTROYERS
• 9 OILERS
• 35 SUBMARINES
PACIFIC THEATHER
• U.S. DAMAGE AT PEARL HARBOR:
• 193 AIRCRAFT, 19 SHIPS HIT: 16 DAMAGED LATER
REPAIRED, 3 DESTROYED- 2 BATTLESHIPS: USS
ARIZONA, USS OKLAHOMA; 1 AUXILLARY SHIP; 2,403
MEN( ½ WERE ON THE ARIZONA), 1,178 WOUNDED
• DORIE MILLER-SHOT DOWN 2 JAPANESE PLANES,
SAVED THE CAPT. OF THE W.VA; 1ST AFRICAN
AMERICAN AWARDED THE NAVY CROSS
• JAPANESE LOSSES AT PERAL HARBOR:
• 19 PLANES, 5 MIDGET SUBS, 129 SOLDIERS
Arizona
Oklahoma
PACIFIC THEATHER
• U.S. LEADERS:
• PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT DIED BEFORE JAPAN WAS
DEFEATED, TO FIGHT THE GERMANS FIRST
• PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN(AFTER ROOSEVELT’S
DEATH) FINISHED THE WAR, HE WILL MAKE THE
DECISION TO USE ATOMIC WEAPONS AGAINST THE
JAPANESE
• MILITARY LEADERS:
• GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR SUPREME ARMY
COMMANDER IN THE FAR EAST
• ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ SUPREME NAVAL
COMMANDER IN THE FAR EAST
PACIFIC THEATHER
• JAPANESE LEADERS:
• EMPEROR HIROHITO-THOUGHT OF AS A FIGURE
HEAD OF THE MILITARY LEADERS OF JAPAN, IT
APPEARS THAT HE WAS INVOLVED IN THE
AGGRESSION
• HIDEKI TOJO-HELD BOTH PRIME MINISTER OF JAPAN,
AND HEAD OF JAPAN’S WAR MINISTRY DURING
WWII, HELPED PLAN AND ORDERED THE ATTACK ON
PEARL HARBOR
• ISOROKU YAMAMOTO-ADMIRAL OF THE JAPANESE
NAVY UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1944, HIS PLANE WAS
SHOT DOWN
PACIFIC THEATHER
• THERE WERE 131 SIGNIFICANT BATTLES IN
THE PACIFIC THEATER DURING WWII
• THE U.S. LOST SOME TERRITORIES IN THE
PACIFIC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
CONFLICT, MOST NOTABLE WAS THE
PHILIPPINES
• LEADING TO MacARTHUR’S FAMOUS QUOTE
“I SHALL RETURN” AND THE BATAAN DEATH
MARCH
PACIFIC THEATHER
• BATAAN DEATH MARCH
• 76,000 SOLDIERS CAPTURED(12,000), FORCED
TO MARCH 60 MILES,OVER 5-12 DAY PERIOD,
WITHOUT FOOD, WATER, IN TROPICAL HEAT;
WEAK SOLDIERS WERE KILLED
• JAPANESE BRUTALIZED THE SOLDIERS, SOME
5,200 AMERICANS DIED, AN AIR FORCE CAPT.
WAS BEHEADED JUST FOR HAVING JAPANESE
MONEY
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPANESE ATTITUDE: THEIR SOCIETY HAD
REMOVED ALL WORDS THAT REFERRED TO
FAILURE AND SURRENDER; THE JAPANESE
SOLDIER HAD THE MIND SET OF TOTAL
SACRIFICE AND FIGHTING TO THE DEATH
• THIS LED TO HIGH CASUALTY RATES ON
BOTH SIDES, JAPANESE SOLDIERS USING
TRICKERY(LIKE PRETENDING TO
SURRENDER), COMMITTING SUICIDE
INSTEAD OF SURRENDERING, KAMIKAZE
ACTIONS
PACIFIC THEATER
• MANY OF THE BATTLES OF THE PACIFIC INVOLVED THE
USE OF NAVAL POWER
• BECAUSE IT WAS A PROCESS OF TAKING ISLANDS A
NATIONS NAVAL POWER WAS KEY
• AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, BATTLESHIPS AND DESTROYERS
WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT SHIPS
• AN AMPHIBIOUS ASSUALT WAS THE MAIN TACTIC USED;
NAVAL BOMBARDMENT FOLLOWED BY TROOP LANDINGS
• GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR IS GOING TO USE A STRATEGY
KNOW AS ISLAND HOPPING TO DEFEAT THE
JAPANESE(TAKE AN ISLAND SKIP OVER THE NEXT ONE,
ISOLATING THE JAPANESE ON THAT ISLAND)
PACIFIC THEATER
• THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC BEGAN TO TURN IN
FAVOR OF THE ALLIES BECAUSE:
• THE WAR WAR IN EUROPE TURNED WITH
VICTORIES IN NORTH AFRICA, STALINGARD,
SICILY AND ITALY
• THE REPAIR OF SHIPS AND ENORMOUS
SUPPLIES FROM U.S. PRODUCTION
• THE ABILITY TO DECODE JAPANESE
COMMUNICATION
PACIFIC THEATER
• THE TIDE OF THE WAR CHANGED WITH
THESE VICTORIES:
• BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL
• BATTLE OF IWO JIMA
• BATTLE OF OKINAWA
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA MAY 4-6, 1942
• JAPAN LED BY: VICE ADMIRAL TAKEO TAKAGI, VICE
ADMIRALSHIGEYOSHI INOUE U.S LED BY: REAR ADMIRAL
FRANK FLETCHER
• OBJECTIVE: TAKE PORT MORESBY, NEW GUIENEA AND
THEN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS
• REUSULT: STRATEGIC VICTORY FOR THE ALLIES, THIS
ENDED ALL JAPANESE ADVANCES IN THE PACIFIC
• LOSSES: JAPAN- 2 CARRIERS WERE DAMAGED ALONG WITH
THE LOSS OF THE PLANES ON THEM, AND 1 DESTROYER,
1,074 DEAD;
• U.S. LEXINGTON SEVERELY DAMAGED, YORKTOWN
DAMAGED BUT REPAIRED FOR MIDWAY, ALSO 1 DESTROYER
AND AN OILER, 543 DEAD
FLETCHER
TAKAGI
INOUE
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• FOUGHT ALMOST ENTIRELY BY CARRIERS FROM
BOTH NATIONS
• JAPANESE FLEET: 7 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, AND
SUPPORTING SHIPS
• JAPAN LED BY ADMIRAL ISOROKU YAMAMOTO,
ADMIRAL CHUICHI NAGUMO
• U.S. FLEET: 3 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, AND
SUPPORTING SHIPS
• U.S. LED BY ADMIRAL RAYMOND SPRUANCE,
ADMIRAL FRANK FLETCHER
SPRUANCE
FLETCHER
YAMAMOTO
NAGUMO
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• OBJECTIVE: JAPANESE OFFENSIVE DESIGNED
TO END THE AMERICANS ABILITY TO
RESPOND TO JAPANESE AGGRESSION IN THE
PACIFIC
• YAMAMOTO ATTEMPTED TO SURPRISE THE
U.S. AT MIDWAY, TAKE THE ISLAND FOR A
BASE OF OPERATION, AND DESTROY THE U.S.
FLEET
• THE U.S. ABLE TO DECODE JAPANESE
MESSAGES LEARNED OF THE ATTACK AND
WERE ABLE TO SURPRISE THE JAPANESE
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• RESULTS: A DECISIVE VICTORY FOR THE
ALLIES, THIS PUT THE JAPANESE ON THE
DEFENSIVE FOR THE REST OF THE WAR
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 4 CARRIERS DESTROYED, 1
CRUSIER, 228 AIRCRAFT, 3,057 DEAD
• U.S. LOSSES: 1 CARRIER, 1 DESTROYER, 145
PLANES, 340 DEAD
YORKTOWN
HIRYU
MIKUMA
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF guadalcanal august 7,1942february 21, 1943
• OBJECTIVE: U.S. OFFENSIVE TO REMOVE THE
JAPANESE FROM THE SOLOMON ISLANDS
• NAVAL OFFICERS: ADMIRAL CHESTER
NIMITZ, ADMIRAL ROBERT GHORMLEY,
WILLIAM HALSEY
• MARINES FORCES:MAJ. GENERAL
ALEXANDER VANDEGRIFT, ARMY FORCES:
MAJ. GENERAL MILLARD HARMON,
ALEXANDER PATCH
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF guadalcanal august 7,1942february 21, 1943
• RESULTS: VICTORY WAS INDECISIVE
BECAUSE OF THE LOSSES TO BOTH SIDES,
CONSIDERED A U.S. VICTORY BECAUSE THE
JAPANESE DECIDED TO ABANDON THE
CAMPAIGN AND EVACUATE ITS FORCES
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 31,000 DEAD(36,200), 1,000
CAPUTRED, 38 SHIPS, 880 PLANES
• U.S. LOSSES: 7,100 DEAD, 4 CAPTURED, 29
SHIPS, 615 PLANES
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of iwo jima FEBRUARY 19TH – MARCH 26,
1945
• OBJECTIVE: CAPTURE THE ISLAND AND ITS
AIR STRIPS FOR A STAGING ISLAND TO
INVADE THE NATION OF JAPAN
• JAPANESE LEADERS: TADAMICHI
KURIBAYASHI, TAKEICHI NISHI
• U.S. LEADERS: NAVAL: NIMITZ, SPRUANCE;
MARINES: HOLLAND SMITH, GRAVES
ERSKINE, CLIFTON CATES(TENN)
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of iwo jima FEBRUARY 19TH – MARCH 26,
1945
• RUESULTS: U.S. VICTORY, GAINED A
STRATEGIC STAGING ISLAND FOR THE ARMY
AIR FORCE FOR FUTURE ATTACK ON
OKINAWA
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 18,844 OF 22,060 DEAD, 216
CAPTURED, 3,000 ESCAPED TO HIDING,
SEVERAL PLANES
• U.S. LOSSES: 6,821 DEAD, 2 CAPTURED, BUT
RETURNED, 19,217 WOUNDED(70K INVADED),
1 ESCORT CARRIER SUNK, SEVERAL PLANES
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• IT WAS THE LARGEST AMPHIBOUS ATTACK
IN THE PACIFIC, NICKNAMED THE
“TYPHOON OF STEEL”
• IT IS THE BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE WAR,
DUE TO THE NUMBER OF BATTLE
CASUALTIES, SUICIDES, AND CIVILAN LOSSES
• IT WAS FOUGHT ON AN ISLAND THAT WAS
PART OF JAPAN’S ARCHIPELEGO, OUR FIRST
INVASION OF THE JAPANESE HOMELAND
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• OBJECTIVE: SEIZE THE ISLAND FOR AIR BASES TO
LAUNCH AN INVASION OF JAPAN’S MAIN ISLANDS
• JAPANESE LEADERS: MITSURU USHIJIMA, ISAMU
CHO, MINORU OTA, SEIICHI ITO
• U.S. LEADERS: SIMON BUCKNER Jr., ROY GEIGER,
JOSEPH STILWELL, CHESTER NIMITZ, RAYMOND
SPRUANCE, PEDRO DEL VALLE
• BRITISH LEADERS: SIR BERNANRD RAWLINGS, PHILIP
VIAN, BRUCE
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• RESULTS: ALLIED VICTORY, SECURED THE
ISLAND FOR U.S. OPERATIONS
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 110,000 OUT OF 120,000
KILLED, 7,000+ CAPTURED, EST. 150,000
CIVILIANS DIED-MOST FROM SUCIDES,
JAPANESE GOVERNMENT CONVINCED THEM
THAT THE U.S WOULD TORTURE THEM
• U.S. LOSSES: OF 183K THAT INVADED, 12,000
KILLED, 38,000 WOUNDED, 13,000 NAVAL
CASUALTIES
SUPER BATTLE SHIP
YAMAMOTO DESTROYED BY
U.S. ATTACKS
USS BUNKER HILL CARRIER
HIT BY 2 KAMIKAZE ATTACKS
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• SITES: HANFORD, WASHINGTON; OAK RIDGE,
TENNESSEE; LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO
• NAMES: THIN MAN, FAT MAN, LITTLE BOY
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• TRUMAN’S DECISION TO USE ATOMIC WEAPONS,
BASED ON JAPANESE OPPOSITION AND DEATH TOLLS
AT IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA TRUMAN FELT U.S. LOSSES
ALONE IN A MAINLAND INVASION WOULD EXCEED 1
MILLION, JAPANESE LOSSES ESTIMATED TO BE 2-3
MILLION
• WE HAD ASKED FOR AN UNCONDITIONAL, BUT JAPAN
REFUSED
• AUGUST 6, 1945, LITTLE BOY WAS DROPPED ON
HIROSHIMA, 70,000 KILLED, 100,000 DIED YEARS
FOLLOWING FROM THE RADIATION
• AUGUST 9, 1945, FAT MAN WAS DROPPED ON
NAGASAKI, 80,000 KILLED
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• PLANE: B-29 SUPER FORTRESS CALLED THE
ENOLA GAY
HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI
PACIFIC THEATER
• MILITARY DEATHS IN THE PACIFIC
• JAPAN LOST 2.1 MILLION SOLDIERS
• U.S. LOST 100,000+
• U.K. LOST 5,600
• CHINA LOST 4 MILLION, 3 MILLION WOUNDED, 18
MILLION CIVILIANS
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPAN ANNOUNCES ITS SURRENDER ON
AUGUST 15, 1945; V-J DAY
• THE OFFICIAL SIGNING OF JAPAN’S
UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER TOOK PLACE
SEPTEMBER 2, 1945; ABOARD THE USS
MISSOURI
• GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR PRESIDED
FOR THE U.S.
• THE JAPANESE DELEGATION CONSISTED OF
THE EMPEROR AND SEVERAL MILITARY
OFFICERS