Transcript world war ii - cloudfront.net

WORLD WAR II
PACIFIC THEATHER
PACIFIC THEATER
• The United States cut off trade with Japan.
• The embargoed goods included one Japan could not
live without—oil to fuel its war machine.
• The leaders declared that Japan must either
persuade the United States to end its oil embargo or
seize the oil fields in the Dutch East Indies.
• This would mean war.
PACIFIC THEATER
• Prime minister of Japan, Hideki Tojo promised the emperor
that the Japanese government would attempt to preserve
peace with the Americans.
• But on November 5, 1941, Tojo ordered the Japanese navy to
prepare for an attack on the United States.
• The U.S. military had broken Japan's secret codes and
learned that Japan was preparing for a strike, despite peace
talks.
• Then on Dec. 6, 1941, Roosevelt received a decoded
message: Japan's peace envoy to reject all American peace
proposals.
PACIFIC THEATER
• “DECEMBER 7, 1941; A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN
INFAMY…THE U.S. WAS SUDDENLY AND DELIBERATELY
ATTACKED… BY THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN”
• THIS CAUSED THE U.S. TO DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN;
DECEMBER 8, 1941
• THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC WOULD BE SLOW BECAUSE
ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL HAD AGREED IN
DECEMBER OF 1941 TO FIGHT THE GERMANS FIRST, AT
THE 1ST WASHINGTON CONFERENCE, CODE NAME
“ARCADIA”;
• THIS DECISION WAS ALSO BECAUSE THE U.S. PACIFIC
FLEET HAD TO BE REPAIRED OR REPLACED FROM THE
DAMAGE AT PEARL HARBOR.
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPANESE FLEET THAT ATTACKED PEARL
HABOR CONSISTED OF:
• 4 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS(353 PLANES),
• 2 HEAVY CRUSIERS, 2 LIGHT CRUSIERS
• 2 BATTLESHIPS
• 11 DESTROYERS
• 9 OILERS
• 35 SUBMARINES
PEARL HARBOR
• For an hour and a half, the Japanese planes were
barely disturbed by U.S. antiaircraft guns and
blasted target after target.
• By the time the last plane soared off around 9:30
A.M., the devastation was appalling.
PACIFIC THEATER
• U.S. DAMAGE AT PEARL HARBOR:
• 193 AIRCRAFT, 19 SHIPS HIT: 16 DAMAGED LATER
REPAIRED, 3 DESTROYED- 2 BATTLESHIPS: USS
ARIZONA, USS OKLAHOMA; 1 AUXILLARY SHIP; 2,403
MEN( ½ WERE ON THE ARIZONA), 1,178 WOUNDED
• DORIE MILLER-SHOT DOWN 2 JAPANESE PLANES,
SAVED THE CAPT. OF THE W.VA; 1ST AFRICAN
AMERICAN AWARDED THE NAVY CROSS
• JAPANESE LOSSES AT PERAL HARBOR:
• 19 PLANES, 5 MIDGET SUBS, 129 SOLDIERS
Arizona
Oklahoma
U.S. RESPONSE
• THOUGH THE U.S. PACIFIC FLEET WAS
LIMITED,
• ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL AGREED TO
FIGHT THE GERMANS FIRST
• JAMES DOOLITTLE DEVELOPED A PLAN TO
COUNTER JAPAN’S ATTACK ON PEARL
HARBOR
U.S. RESPONSE
• KNOW AS THE DOOLITTLE RAID
• HIS PLAN WAS TO STRIP DOWN B-25’S, ADD
EXTRA FUEL CONTAINERS FOR A LONG
DISTANT FLIGHT
• LAUNCH THE B-25’S FROM AN AIRCRAFT
CARRIER(USS HORNET)
• PLAN: DROP THEIR BOMBS, HEAD FOR CHINA
AND HOPED TO BE RESCUED
U.S. RESPONSE
• APRIL 18, 1942; THE RAID BEGAN
• TARGETS: TOKYO YOKOHAMA, KOBE,
OSAKA, NAGOYA
• 16 PLANES WERE INVOLVED
• 1 PLANE LANDED IN RUSSIA, CREW HELD
PRISONER, 3 RAIDERS WERE EXECUTED, 1
DIED OF DISEASE, 8 CREWS WERE
CAPTURED, THE REST WERE RESCUED BY
THE CHINESE(250K CHINESE WERE KILLED
FOR HELPING)
PACIFIC THEATER
• U.S. LEADERS:
• PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT DIED BEFORE JAPAN WAS
DEFEATED, TO FIGHT THE GERMANS FIRST
• PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN(AFTER ROOSEVELT’S
DEATH) FINISHED THE WAR, HE WILL MAKE THE
DECISION TO USE ATOMIC WEAPONS AGAINST THE
JAPANESE
• MILITARY LEADERS:
• GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR SUPREME ARMY
COMMANDER IN THE FAR EAST
• ADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ SUPREME NAVAL
COMMANDER IN THE FAR EAST
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPANESE LEADERS:
• EMPEROR HIROHITO-THOUGHT OF AS A FIGURE
HEAD OF THE MILITARY LEADERS OF JAPAN, IT
APPEARS THAT HE WAS INVOLVED IN THE
AGGRESSION
• HIDEKI TOJO-HELD BOTH PRIME MINISTER OF JAPAN,
AND HEAD OF JAPAN’S WAR MINISTRY DURING
WWII, HELPED PLAN AND ORDERED THE ATTACK ON
PEARL HARBOR
• ISOROKU YAMAMOTO-ADMIRAL OF THE JAPANESE
NAVY UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1944, HIS PLANE WAS
SHOT DOWN
PACIFIC THEATER
• THERE WERE 131 SIGNIFICANT BATTLES IN
THE PACIFIC THEATER DURING WWII
• THE U.S. LOST SOME TERRITORIES IN THE
PACIFIC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE
CONFLICT, MOST NOTABLE WAS THE
PHILIPPINES
• LEADING TO MacARTHUR’S FAMOUS QUOTE
“I SHALL RETURN” AND THE BATAAN DEATH
MARCH
PACIFIC THEATER
• BATAAN DEATH MARCH
• 76,000 SOLDIERS CAPTURED(12,000), FORCED
TO MARCH 60 MILES,OVER 5-12 DAY PERIOD,
WITHOUT FOOD, WATER, IN THE TROPICAL
HEAT; WEAK SOLDIERS WERE KILLED
• JAPANESE BRUTALIZED THE SOLDIERS, SOME
5,200 AMERICANS DIED, AN AIR FORCE CAPT.
WAS BEHEADED JUST FOR HAVING JAPANESE
MONEY
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPANESE ATTITUDE: THEIR SOCIETY HAD
REMOVED ALL WORDS THAT REFERRED TO
FAILURE AND SURRENDER; THE JAPANESE
SOLDIER HAD THE MIND SET OF TOTAL
SACRIFICE AND FIGHTING TO THE DEATH
• THIS LED TO HIGH CASUALTY RATES ON
BOTH SIDES, JAPANESE SOLDIERS USING
TRICKERY(LIKE PRETENDING TO
SURRENDER), COMMITTING SUICIDE
INSTEAD OF SURRENDERING, KAMIKAZE
ACTIONS
PACIFIC THEATER
• MANY OF THE BATTLES OF THE PACIFIC INVOLVED THE
USE OF NAVAL POWER
• BECAUSE IT WAS A PROCESS OF TAKING ISLANDS A
NATIONS NAVAL POWER WAS KEY
• AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, BATTLESHIPS AND DESTROYERS
WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT SHIPS
• AN AMPHIBIOUS ASSUALT WAS THE MAIN TACTIC USED;
NAVAL BOMBARDMENT FOLLOWED BY TROOP LANDINGS
• GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR IS GOING TO USE A STRATEGY
KNOW AS ISLAND HOPPING TO DEFEAT THE
JAPANESE(TAKE AN ISLAND SKIP OVER THE NEXT ONE,
ISOLATING THE JAPANESE ON THAT ISLAND)
PACIFIC THEATER
• IN 1943 THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC BEGAN TO
TURN IN FAVOR OF THE ALLIES BECAUSE:
• THE WAR IN EUROPE TURNED WITH
VICTORIES IN NORTH AFRICA, STALINGARD,
SICILY AND ITALY
• THE REPAIR OF SHIPS AND THE ENORMOUS
AMOUNTOF SUPPLIES FROM U.S.
PRODUCTION
• THE ABILITY TO DECODE JAPANESE
COMMUNICATION
PACIFIC THEATER
• THE TIDE OF THE WAR CHANGED WITH
THESE VICTORIES:
• BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL
• BATTLE OF IWO JIMA
• BATTLE OF OKINAWA
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA MAY 4-6, 1942
• JAPAN LED BY: VICE ADMIRAL TAKEO TAKAGI, VICE
ADMIRALSHIGEYOSHI INOUE U.S LED BY: REAR ADMIRAL
FRANK FLETCHER
• OBJECTIVE: TAKE PORT MORESBY, NEW GUIENEA AND
THEN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS
• REUSULT: STRATEGIC VICTORY FOR THE ALLIES, THIS
ENDED ALL JAPANESE ADVANCES IN THE PACIFIC
• LOSSES: JAPAN- 2 CARRIERS WERE DAMAGED ALONG WITH
THE LOSS OF THE PLANES ON THEM, AND 1 DESTROYER,
1,074 DEAD;
• U.S. LEXINGTON SEVERELY DAMAGED, YORKTOWN
DAMAGED BUT REPAIRED FOR MIDWAY, ALSO 1 DESTROYER
AND AN OILER, 543 DEAD
FLETCHER
TAKAGI
INOUE
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• FOUGHT ALMOST ENTIRELY BY CARRIERS FROM
BOTH NATIONS
• JAPANESE FLEET: 7 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, AND
SUPPORTING SHIPS
• JAPAN LED BY ADMIRAL ISOROKU YAMAMOTO,
ADMIRAL CHUICHI NAGUMO
• U.S. FLEET: 3 AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, AND
SUPPORTING SHIPS
• U.S. LED BY ADMIRAL RAYMOND SPRUANCE,
ADMIRAL FRANK FLETCHER
FLETCHER
SPRUANCE
YAMAMOTO
NAGUMO
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• OBJECTIVE: JAPANESE OFFENSIVE DESIGNED
TO END THE AMERICANS ABILITY TO
RESPOND TO JAPANESE AGGRESSION IN THE
PACIFIC
• YAMAMOTO ATTEMPTED TO SURPRISE THE
U.S. AT MIDWAY, TAKE THE ISLAND FOR A
BASE OF OPERATION, AND DESTROY THE U.S.
FLEET
• THE U.S. ABLE TO DECODE JAPANESE
MESSAGES LEARNED OF THE ATTACK AND
WERE ABLE TO SURPRISE THE JAPANESE
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF midway june 3-6, 1942
• RESULT: A DECISIVE VICTORY FOR THE
ALLIES, THIS PUT THE JAPANESE ON THE
DEFENSIVE FOR THE REST OF THE WAR
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 4 CARRIERS DESTROYED, 1
CRUSIER, 228 AIRCRAFT, 3,057 DEAD
• U.S. LOSSES: 1 CARRIER, 1 DESTROYER, 145
PLANES, 340 DEAD
YORKTOWN
HIRYU
MIKUMA
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF guadalcanal august 7, 1942february 21, 1943
• OBJECTIVE: U.S. OFFENSIVE TO REMOVE THE
JAPANESE FROM THE SOLOMON ISLANDS
• NAVAL OFFICERS: ADMIRAL CHESTER
NIMITZ, ADMIRAL ROBERT GHORMLEY,
WILLIAM HALSEY
• MARINES FORCES:MAJ. GENERAL
ALEXANDER VANDEGRIFT, ARMY FORCES:
MAJ. GENERAL MILLARD HARMON,
ALEXANDER PATCH
PACIFIC THEATER
BATTLE OF guadalcanal august 7,1942february 21, 1943
• RESULT: VICTORY WAS INDECISIVE BECAUSE
OF THE LOSSES TO BOTH SIDES, CONSIDERED
A U.S. VICTORY BECAUSE THE JAPANESE
DECIDED TO ABANDON THE CAMPAIGN AND
EVACUATE ITS FORCES
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 31,000 DEAD(36,200), 1,000
CAPUTRED, 38 SHIPS, 880 PLANES
• U.S. LOSSES: 7,100 DEAD, 4 CAPTURED, 29
SHIPS, 615 PLANES
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of iwo jima FEBRUARY 19TH – MARCH 26,
1945
• OBJECTIVE: CAPTURE THE ISLAND AND ITS
AIR STRIPS FOR A STAGING ISLAND TO
INVADE THE NATION OF JAPAN
• JAPANESE LEADERS: TADAMICHI
KURIBAYASHI, TAKEICHI NISHI
• U.S. LEADERS: NAVAL: NIMITZ, SPRUANCE;
MARINES: HOLLAND SMITH, GRAVES
ERSKINE, CLIFTON CATES(TENN)
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of iwo jima FEBRUARY 19TH – MARCH 26,
1945
• RUESULTS: U.S. VICTORY, GAINED A
STRATEGIC STAGING ISLAND FOR THE ARMY
AIR FORCE FOR FUTURE ATTACK ON
OKINAWA
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 18,844 OF 22,060 DEAD, 216
CAPTURED, 3,000 ESCAPED TO HIDING,
SEVERAL PLANES
• U.S. LOSSES: 6,821 DEAD, 2 CAPTURED, BUT
RETURNED, 19,217 WOUNDED(70K INVADED),
1 ESCORT CARRIER SUNK, SEVERAL PLANES
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• IT WAS THE LARGEST AMPHIBOUS ATTACK
IN THE PACIFIC, NICKNAMED THE
“TYPHOON OF STEEL”
• IT IS THE BLOODIEST BATTLE OF THE PACIFIC
WAR, DUE TO THE NUMBER OF BATTLE
CASUALTIES, SUICIDES, AND CIVILAN LOSSES
• IT WAS FOUGHT ON AN ISLAND THAT WAS
PART OF JAPAN’S ARCHIPELEGO, OUR FIRST
INVASION OF THE JAPANESE HOMELAND
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• OBJECTIVE: SEIZE THE ISLAND FOR AIR BASES TO
LAUNCH AN INVASION OF JAPAN’S MAIN ISLANDS
• JAPANESE LEADERS: MITSURU USHIJIMA, ISAMU
CHO, MINORU OTA, SEIICHI ITO
• U.S. LEADERS: SIMON BUCKNER Jr., ROY GEIGER,
JOSEPH STILWELL, CHESTER NIMITZ, RAYMOND
SPRUANCE, PEDRO DEL VALLE
• BRITISH LEADERS: SIR BERNANRD RAWLINGS, PHILIP
VIAN, BRUCE
PACIFIC THEATER
battle of okinawa april 1-june 22, 1945
• RESULT: ALLIED VICTORY, SECURED THE ISLAND
FOR U.S. OPERATIONS
• JAPANESE LOSSES: 110,000 OUT OF 120,000 KILLED,
7,000+ CAPTURED, EST. 150,000 CIVILIANS DIED-MOST
FROM SUCIDES, JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
CONVINCED THEM THAT THE U.S WOULD TORTURE
THEM
• U.S. LOSSES: OF 183K THAT INVADED, 12,000 KILLED,
38,000 WOUNDED, 13,000 NAVAL CASUALTIES
SUPER BATTLE SHIP
YAMAMOTO DESTROYED BY
U.S. ATTACKS
USS BUNKER HILL CARRIER
HIT BY 2 KAMIKAZE ATTACKS
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• SITES: HANFORD, WASHINGTON; OAK RIDGE,
TENNESSEE; LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO
• NAMES: THIN MAN, FAT MAN, LITTLE BOY
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• TRUMAN’S DECISION TO USE ATOMIC WEAPONS,
BASED ON JAPANESE OPPOSITION AND DEATH TOLLS
AT IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA TRUMAN FELT U.S. LOSSES
ALONE IN A MAINLAND INVASION WOULD EXCEED 1
MILLION, JAPANESE LOSSES ESTIMATED TO BE 2-3
MILLION
• WE HAD ASKED FOR AN UNCONDITIONAL, BUT JAPAN
REFUSED
• AUGUST 6, 1945, LITTLE BOY WAS DROPPED ON
HIROSHIMA, 70,000 KILLED, 100,000 DIED YEARS
FOLLOWING FROM THE RADIATION
• AUGUST 9, 1945, FAT MAN WAS DROPPED ON
NAGASAKI, 80,000 KILLED
MANHATTAN PROJECT
• PLANE: B-29 SUPER FORTRESS CALLED THE
ENOLA GAY
HIROSHIMA
NAGASAKI
PACIFIC THEATER
• MILITARY DEATHS IN THE PACIFIC
• JAPAN LOST 2.1 MILLION SOLDIERS, 580-K
CIVILIANS
• U.S. LOST 100,000+
• U.K. LOST 5,600
• CHINA LOST 3.5 MILLION, 3 MILLION WOUNDED,
11.5 MILLION CIVILIANS
PACIFIC THEATER
• JAPAN ANNOUNCES ITS SURRENDER ON
AUGUST 15, 1945; V-J DAY
• THE OFFICIAL SIGNING OF JAPAN’S
UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER TOOK PLACE
SEPTEMBER 2, 1945; ABOARD THE USS
MISSOURI
• GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR PRESIDED
FOR THE U.S.
• THE JAPANESE DELEGATION CONSISTED OF
THE EMPEROR AND SEVERAL MILITARY
OFFICERS