Transcript Group 7

D-Day
BERLIN
Museum Entrance
Battle of midway island
Battle of the
Bulge
Atomic bombings
Welcome to the Museum of
WW2 Battles and Operations
Curator’s
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Liam Berry
Curator’s
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Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Room 1
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[D Day ] Room
Room 2
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The Battle of Bulge
Room 3
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Battle of Midway Island
Room 4
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Battle of Berlin
Room 5
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Atomic bomb
On August 6, 1945, the United States used a
huge, atomic bomb against Hiroshima, Japan
and a few days later they dropped a bigger one
on Nagasaki, Japan. The atomic bomb that
was dropped on Hiroshima was the equivalent
of 20,000 tons of TNT. The bomb flattened the
city, killing tens of thousands of people. While
Japan was still trying to adjust to this
devastation, three days later, the United States
struck again, this time, on Nagasaki. The
Nagasaki bomb was more powerful but didn’t
cause as much damage.
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Exhibit
“Enola Gay”
The plane that dropped the atom bomb on
Hiroshima was B-29 bomber and it was
called the “Enola Gay”. It took off from
Tinian, a North Pacific Island, 1,500 miles
south from Japan. It was a twelve man
crew on the plane and the pilot nicknamed
the plane after his mother. It was escorted
by two other bomber planes. In order to
carry such a large bomb, the plane was
modified with new propellers, stronger
engines and a faster opening door where
the bomb would be dropped through.
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Exhibit
The first bombing
While the people that got bombed in Hiroshima
were recovering from the first bombing, the
United States were planning a second
bombing. The second run wasn’t delayed
because they were waiting for Japan to
surrender but because they were waiting for
the perfect amount of plutonium to fuel the
atomic bomb. The bomb that dropped over
Nagazaki was called the “Fat Man”. This bomb
was considered to be much more powerful than
the one that was dropped over Hiroshima, but
because of the terrain in Nagazaki, the bomb
didn’t do as much damage as it could have.
With having a population of 270,000, over
70,000 people died by the end of they year.
http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwari
i/a/hiroshima_2.htm
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Exhibit
Aftermath
Some of the people that survived the bombing
got cancer and their IQ dropped permanently. A
lot of people had hair loss and thermal burns
from the radiation. Some people also
developed mental retardation and permanent
blindness. The bomb that was dropped over
Hiroshima weighed 9,700 lbs. and the bomb
that was dropped over Nagasaki weighed
10,265 lbs. Some of the people that were
exposed developed Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder and those people had nightmares,
flashbacks, intense anxiety, depression, and
suicidal thoughts.
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Exhibit
D-Day
During World War II (1939-1945), the Battle of
Normandy, which lasted from June 1944 to August
1944, resulted in the Allied liberation of Western
Europe from Nazi Germany’s control. Codenamed
Operation Overlord, the battle began on June 6, 1944
also known as D-Day, when some 156,000 American,
British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches
along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of
France’s Normandy region. The invasion was one of
the largest amphibious military assaults in history and
required extensive planning. Prior to D-Day, the Allies
conducted a large-scale deception campaign
designed to mislead the Germans about the intended
invasion target. By late August 1944, all of northern
France had been liberated and by the following spring
the Allies had defeated the Germans.
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Exhibit
Attack plan
“Formal planning for the invasion of Northwest Europe began
in 1943. A group led by British General Frederick Morgan
searched for the best point along the coast to strike and
started drawing up assault plans. In May, at an Allied
conference in Washington, D.C., a target date of spring 1944
was set for the long-awaited attack.
In December 1943 a commander for the operation was
selected. The choice was an American,General Dwight D.
Eisenhower. Eisenhower had directed Allied invasion forces
in North Africa and Italy. He took up his new post,Supreme
Commander Allied Expeditionary Force,in January 1944.
Eisenhower approved of Morgan's selection of the Normandy
coast in France as the invasion site, but he increased the
size of the assault force. He and his staff then prepared the
details of a plan to organize, transport, land, and supply the
largest amphibious invasion force in history.
The operation was code-named "Overlord." The outcome of
the war rested upon its success.”
http://www.nationalww2museum.org/learn/education/forstudents/ww2-history/d-day-june-6-1944.html
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Exhibit
Statistics
On the day of June 6th 1944 more than 160,00
allied soldier’s landed on the beaches of
Normandy more than 9,00 allied troops gave
there life so that the allied forces could begin
there long siege against Adolf Hitler’s army.
General Dwight d Eisenhower said “we accept
nothing less than defeat” Eisenhower. As
Eisenhower said. The battle at Normandy
lasted 24 hours including the help of 13,000
aircraft and 5 thousand troop’s the battle was
shortly over with the Americans on their way in
to Normandy to liberate France.
The remaining Germans on the beach where
either killed help as p.o.w’s or escaped to fight
another day in a losing war against the allies.
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Exhibit
Backpack loot
Before the deadly task of d day parachute’s helped clear the way
having an extraordinarily dangerous job.
The average pack a parachute carried if they didn’t lose portions of it is.
Standard Parachutist pack
M-1 Garand Rifle with 8-round clip
cartridge belt with canteen
hand grenades
parachute and pack
anti-flash headgear and gloves
pocket compass
machete
.45 caliber Colt automatic pistol
flares
message book
This is what every soldier except officers and other’s carried.
The emergency rations where
4 pieces of chewing gum
2 bouillon cubes
2 Nescafe instant coffees, 2 sugar cubes, and creamers
4 Hershey bars
1 pack of Charms candy
1 package pipe tobacco
1 bottle of water purification (Halazone) tablets to purify water. "To use:
Put two tablets in canteen full of water (approx. 1 qt.) and shake briskly.
Wait 30 minutes before drinking water. If water is dirty or discolored,
use 4 tablets."
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Exhibit
The start
December 1944, Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies
in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust
through the Ardennes to Antwerp. American units fought
desperate battles to stem the German advance at St.-Vith,
Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and Bastogne. As the Germans drove
deeper into the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital
bridgeheads, the Allied line took on the appearance of a large
bulge, giving rise to the battle’s name. Lieutenant General George
S. Patton’s successful maneuvering of the Third Army to Bastogne
proved vital to the Allied defense, leading to the neutralization of
the German counteroffensive despite heavy casualties.
www.history/WWII/battleofbulge.com
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Exhibit
Hitler’s plan
It’s objective was to split the Allied armies by
means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through
the Ardennes to Antwerp, marking a repeat of
what the Germans had done three times
previously–in September 1870, August 1914,
and May 1940. Despite Germany’s historical
penchant for mounting counteroffensives
when things looked darkest, the Allies’
leadership miscalculated and left the Ardennes
lightly defended by only two inexperienced
and two battered American divisions.
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-ofthe-bulge
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Exhibit
On December 16, three German armies (more than a
quarter-million troops) launched the deadliest and
most desperate battle of the war in the west in the
poorly roaded, rugged, heavily forested Ardennes. The
once-quiet region became bedlam as American units
were caught flat-footed and fought desperate battles
to stem the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn
Ridge, Houffalize and, later, Bastogne, which was
defended by the 101st Airborne Division. The
inexperienced U.S. 106th Division was nearly
annihilated, but even in defeat helped buy time for
Brigadier General Bruce C. Clarke’s brilliant defense
of St.-Vith. As the German armies drove deeper into
the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital bridgeheads
west of the River Meuse quickly, the line defining the
Allied front took on the appearance of a large
protrusion or bulge, the name by which the battle
would forever be known.
http://www.history.com/topics/worldwar-ii/battle-of-the-bulge
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Exhibit
General Patton
General George s. Patton greatly hoped to
lead the allied invasion of the Normandy,
but was publicly assigned command of a
fictitious force of Pas de Calais, France, the
allies were able to make land on the
beaches of Normandy which is on D-Day
(June 6, 1944). After the 1st army broke the
German line, his 3rd army swept the
through the breach in to northern France to
pursue to Nazis. Late that year, the
deadliest battle US ever fought in WWII
would be known as the BATTLE OF THE
BULGE
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Exhibit
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
On May 1942, Japanese Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto wanted to draw the US Pacific
Fleet into a battle where he could
overwhelm and destroy them. To turn this
plan into a reality he planned an invasion
of Midway Island which would make a
good place to attack the oncoming ships
from. Yamamoto knew that the U.S, would
send their remaining aircraft carriers to
protect that fleet. He believed that the U.S.
had only two aircraft carriers though.
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Exhibit
Midway Island
At 4:30 on June 4, Japanese Vice Admiral
launched 108 planes to attack Midway Island
and other planes to watch for the American
Fleet. The small amount of fighters on the
island were quickly wiped out by the Japanese
then they destroyed all of communication
systems and any other stuff the island had. The
vice Admiral’s leaders told him to do a second
attack, so he sent his reserved aircraft which
was loaded with torpedoes and bombs. After
he launched his reserve plane, a Japanese
plane reported seeing the American fleet
coming.
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Exhibit
Army statistics
Resources Used
America:
3 carriers
25 support ships
233 carrier aircraft
127 land-based aircraft
Japan:
4 carriers
2 battleships
15 support ships (heavy and light cruisers,
destroyers)
248 carrier aircraft, 16 floatplanes
Japanese Ships that did not participate in the
battle:
2 light carriers
5 battleships
41 support ships
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Exhibit
Casualties
Battle of Midway - Casualties:
US Fleet Losses
•340 killed (Approximate)
•Aircraft Carrier USS Yorktown
•Destroyer USS Hammann
•145 aircraft
Japanese Navy Losses
•3,057 killed (Approximate)
•Aircraft Carrier Akagi
•Aircraft Carrier Kaga
•Aircraft Carrier Soryu
•Aircraft Carrier Hiryu
•Heavy Cruiser Mikuma
•228 aircraft
Total Number of Deaths
3,397 Deaths (Approximate)
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Exhibit
The attack
The battle of berlin is the start of the
conclusion of WWII. This battle was the battle
where the soviet army broke the defense of the
german army and started the battle taking
place in berlin. The battle took place on the
date April 16th that lasted to May 2nd, 1945.
The soviet army executed their offense to take
berlin was on January of 1945 where the
Soviet forces would clear out the remaining
German forces from Poland.
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Exhibit
STATISTICS
The armies that would face had a fair amount of
commanders, the soviet army had four commandants,
germans had five commandants including hitler himself.
The soviet army had 196 divisions, 2,500,000 soldiers, 6,250
tanks and SP guns, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces.
For the investment and assault on the Berlin Defense Area
approximately 1,500,000 soldiers were employed as for the
german army had 50 divisions, 766,750 soldiers, 1,519 AFV,
2,224 aircraft, 9,303 artillery pieces
In the Berlin Defense Area: Approximately 45,000 soldiers,
supplemented by the police force, Hitler Youth, and 40,000
Volkssturm.
The casualties were high as the soviets suffered at least
81,116 dead or missing, 280,251 sick or wounded, 1,997
tanks, 2,108 artillery pieces, 917 aircraft and german
suffered unknown, Estimate Casualties from the Battle of
Berlin: 92,000–100,000 killed, 220,000 wounded, 480,000
POW
Inside Berlin Defence Area: About 22,000 military dead,
22,000 civilian dead. Especially hitler himself. But in the end,
the soviets had won and begun the end of WWII.
http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battleof-berlin-facts.html
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Exhibit
PLAN
“Leading up to the Battle for Berlin, Soviet Premier
Joseph Stalin considered the city to be one of the
major prizes of the war. He feared that the British
would beat the Soviets to the city with UK Field
Marshal Bernard Montgomery’s 21st Army Group
that was advancing from Holland into Northern
Germany. Due to fears of Hitler escaping to the south
into Austria, U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower made
the decision to plan for a broad front offensive using
the U.S. 9th Army to conduct mopping-up operations
in the Ruhr and then advance eastwards towards the
Erfurt-Leipzig-Dresden line. At the same time,
Montgomery’s 21st Army Group would protect the
northern flank of the Allies and General Jacob Devers’
6th Army Group would protect the southern flank.
The end result would be to meet the Soviet’s advance
around Dresden and effectively cut Germany in half.
The decision to not make Berlin the focus of the Allied
advance was not popular with Churchill, especially
after the Soviets had started back tracking on a
number of agreements made at the Yalta conference.”
http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battle-of-berlin-facts.html
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Exhibit
Hitler’s death
Early on April 30th, General Helmuth Otto Weidling, who was
the last German commander of the Berlin defense area,
Volkssturmmann with Panzerschreck, Berlin, April 1945.
reported to Hitler that the ammunition of the defenders would
be exhausted at some point that evening. He was given
permission to attempt a breakout through the Red Army lines
encircling Berlin. Later that afternoon, Hitler and his wife
(Braun) committed suicide. Their bodies were cremated
close to his bunker. Upon his death, Hitler’s will appointed
Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident or “President” of
the country. Joseph Goebbels was appointed as the new
Reichskanzler or Chancellor of Germany.
Following Hitler’s lead, many of his followers would commit
suicide prior to the city surrendering to the Soviets which
occurred on May 2nd, 1945. Fighting would continue around
the city until WW 2 in Europe ended on May 8th. During this
time, many German units would fight to the west so they
could surrender to the Western Allies vice the Soviets.
http://www.worldwar2facts.org/battle-of-berlin-facts.html
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Exhibit
luger
The luger is a pistol what hitler used to killed his
family and himself. Why is this important?
Because the pistol took the life of hitler… well it
didn’t exactly took his life as he killed himself to
avoid capture.
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Exhibit
Japanese kamikaze plane
Manned by pilots that are willing to give their
lives away for their victory of their country.
Yeah, this took that to the next level, these
suicidal bombers has no other purpose but to
fly straight at an air carrier and crash it there,
killing the pilot and causing devastating
damages.
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Entrance
howitzer
An old artillery cannon that forces enemy
soldiers into hiding in their bunkers. Like
motars, they shoot farther to hit their targets
and destroy properties to weaken the enimeis
forces all while still forcing them underground.
The howitzer is a heavy machinery and
sometimes could tip over. Reloading this beast
takes about 30 seconds to fire another piece of
exploding metal. Used in nearly every battle of
all in WWII
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Entrance
Back Wall Artifact
World War 2, also known as the second world
war lasted six years (1939-1945). The war
began on September 1, 1939 when Germany
invaded Poland. America didn’t join the war
until the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941 and the next day, America
declared war on December 8, 1941. Many
people died in World War 2. The country that
had the most people killed was the Soviet
Union with over 25 million deaths. That total is
both civilians and soldiers. The total number of
civilians and soldiers killed that lived or fought
for the Allied Countries was approximately
more than 39 million deaths. The total number
of civilians and soldiers from the Axis countries
was more than 8 million deaths. The total
amount of people that died during WW2 is
approximately 48,231,700 deaths.
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