Transcript Europe and Russia Chap 12

Chapter 12
Europe: War and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War
and Change
Section 4 – The Russian Empire
 Czar – An emperor in Russia
 Russian Revolution – The revolution that
ended the Russian monarchy.
 Monarchy – Power held by one person.
 Communism – An economy where the
government owns all basic and non-basic
industry.
 Alliance – A merging of efforts or interests
creating allies.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War
and Change
*read about the Russian Revolution on
pages 318 - 322
 Who were:
1. Ivan the Terrible
2. Peter the Great
3. Catherine the Great
4. Nicholas II
Chapter 12 – Europe: War
and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
World War I
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
World War II
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Section 1 – European Empires
 Nationalism – Pride in one’s country
 Constitutional Monarchy – A government
that not only has a king or queen but is
also governed by elected officials through a
constitution.
 Colony – A territory ruled by another nation
 Colonization – The act or process of
establishing a colony.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Austria-Hungary – the largest empire
in Eastern Europe which had a dual
monarchy. A monarchy that rules
two nations. This is where WWI
begins!
 Eastern and Western Europe have
different economies….
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Section 2 – Europe at War and The Soviet Union
 Alliance – A merging of efforts or interests creating
allies.
 Militarism - A policy in which military preparedness is
of primary importance to a state.
 Armistice – A temporary end to fighting, a truce
 Depression – The worldwide economic depression
from the late 1920s through the 1930s.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Alliances of WWI
Allied Powers:
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Russia
United States
Central Powers:
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Germany
Ottoman Empire
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Read pages 333 - 336
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Armistice Day is the anniversary of the official end
of World War I, November 11, 1918. It
commemorates the armistice signed between the
Allies and Germany at Compiègne, France, for the
cessation of hostilities on the Western Front, which
took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning — the
"eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh
month." While this official date to mark the end of the
war reflects the ceasefire on the Western Front,
hostilities continued in other regions, especially across
the former Russian Empire and in parts of the old
Ottoman Empire.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Europe after WWI – At the end of
WWI the European countries are in
depression…no jobs, no work, no
MONEY! The signing of the Treaty of
Versailles makes life extremely
difficult for Germany. Germany is to
be punished for starting the war so
they are to pay for EVERYTHING!
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Essential Question
What were the major causes and effects
of WWI?
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
WWII
 Dictator – An absolute ruler.
 Nazism - A form of socialism featuring
racism and expansionism.
 Fascism - A system of government marked
by centralization of authority under a
dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls,
suppression of the opposition through
terror and censorship, and typically a policy
of belligerent nationalism and racism.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Holocaust - The genocide of European
Jews and others by the Nazis during
World War II
 Concentration Camp - A camp where
civilians, enemy aliens, political
prisoners, and sometimes prisoners
of war are detained and confined,
typically under harsh conditions.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Alliances of WWII
Allied Powers:
United Kingdom
Soviet Union
United States
France
The Axis
Germany
Japan
Italy
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Who were the leaders of the Allied
and Axis powers during WWII?
Allied Powers:
United Kingdom – Churchill
Soviet Union - Stalin
United States – Roosevelt/Truman
France - ???
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
The Axis
Germany - Hitler
Japan – Hirohito/Tojo
Italy - Mussolini
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Read Pages 336 – 338
 Causes of WWII
1. WWI – German penalties
2. Germany builds military
3. Germany expansion and imperialism
4. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
 Effects of WWII
1. Creation of the United Nations (UN)
2. United States and Soviet Union become Super
Powers
3. Cold War
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Yalta Conference
 Other nations gain great wealth at
the end of WWII…why?
 How do the United States and Russia
become the “Super Powers?”
 At the end of WWII the stage is set
for the cold war…why? Imperialism!
 Read pages 342-346
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Essential Questions
Where were the major causes and
effects of World War II?
Describe the roles of key players (Hitler,
Mussolini, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt,
Truman) during World War II.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
Section 3 – The Cold War
 NATO – North Atlantic treaty Organization.
Created to defend against Soviet
aggression.
 Warsaw Pact – The Soviet Union’s response
to NATO
 Cold War – Open yet restricted rivalry and
hostility that developed after World War II
between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and
their respective allies.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and
Change
 Iron Curtain - The former division
between the communist nations of
eastern Europe — the Eastern Bloc
— and the noncommunist nations of
western Europe coined by Winston
Churchill
 Berlin Wall
 Berlin Airlift