Transcript Nucleus 1
Nucleus
{
The Brain of the Cell
By: Bryonna Aldubayan
Definition
Function
Significance
Structure and Components
Nuclear Envelope and Pores
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
Mitosis/Meiosis
Malfunctions/Disease
Outline
Definition
In an atom:
The nucleus is the center of an atom
which contains the protons and neutrons
In a cell:
The nucleus is the structure that contains
the cell's genetic material (DNA) and
controls the cell's activity in a eukaryotic
cell.
Function
• The nucleus regulates all cell activity,
growth and reproduction. It controls the
cell through protein synthesis.
• Protein Synthesis is the process by which amino acids
are arranged linearly into proteins through the
involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA,
messenger RNA, and various enzymes
Significance
The nucleus contains DNA which
contains coded instructions needed for
cell reproduction and also produces
proteins that control metabolism and
other cell functions.
Structure
• The nucleus is a spherical
double membrane organelle.
The nucleus contains:
•
•
•
•
Nuclear Envelope
Pores
Nucleolus
Nucleoplasm
&
Components
Nuclear Envelope
&
Pores
The nuclear envelope is a double phospholipid bilayer
membrane which surrounds the genetic material in
eukaryotic cells.
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
The nuclear membrane is dotted with thousands of
small holes called nuclear pores that allow material to
diffuse in and out of the nucleus.
Nucleolus
Small, dense region
Generally located in the center of the nucleus.
It is made of proteins and ribonucleic acids.
It is the location where the assembly of
ribosomes begin.
Nucleoplasm
Highly Viscous Liquid
Enveloped by the inner membrane of the
nuclear envelope.
Surrounds the chromatins and nucleolus
{
Mitosis
Involves the
replication of all
eukaryotic cells
except that of sex
cells.
Replication
{
Meiosis
Replication of only
sex cells.
{
Mitosis
Cancer
Uncontrolled
abnormal cell
division
Spread through
blood stream and
lymph system
100 different types
Malfunctions
{
Meiosis
Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
(nondisjunction)
Translocation
Mosaicism
3 different types
Cancer
Cancer
Down Syndrome
Typical Cell Division
Down Syndrome
• Results in an embryo
• 3 copies of chromosome 21
• Sperm or egg fails to separate
Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction)
Down Syndrome
• Chromosome 21 takes
place in 1 initial cell
division
• Mixture of 2 cell types
Mosaic
Down Syndrome
Works Cited
"What Is Cancer?." - National Cancer Institute. N.p., 7 Mar.
2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.
<http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/whatis-cancer>.
"What Is Down Syndrome?." The National Advocate for
People with Down Syndrome Since 1979. N.p., n.d. Web. 15
Mar. 2014. <https://www.ndss.org/DownSyndrhttps://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-IsDown-Syndrome/ome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/>.
"nucleus Images - Google Search." nucleus Images - Google
Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.
<https://www.google.com/search?q=nucleus&source=lnms
&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=r7kmU_rSOKvr0QGf3oCYBA&sqi=2
&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=650>.