Transcript Cell ppt 16

Cytology
Branch of biology that deals with
the formation, structure, and
function of cells!
Cells - History
• 1590
Zach Janssen – Invented crude microscope
• 1650
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek - credited with
first microscope
• 1665
*Robert Hooke – viewed “cells” of a cork,
credited with discovering building blocks of
life
Cells - History
• 1838
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Matthias Schleiden- discovered all
plants were made of cells
1839
Theodore Schwann – discovered
all animals were made of cells
1855
Rudolph Virchow – stated all
living things come from other
living things (cells come from other
cells)
Years of work and research to discover!
Needed technology to make progress!
Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure
and function in all organisms.
• All cells come from other cells
Two types of cells:
Prokaryotic
Cells
Eukaryotic
No nucleus/nuclear
membrane
Nucleus/nuclear
membrane
Ex. Monera-Bacteria
Ex. Protist, Fungi
Plant, Animal
Plant Cell
Nucleolus
Nuclear membrane
Nucleoplasm
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Microtubules
Animal Cell
Nuclear membrane
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Microtubules
Common Animal & Plant Cell Features
Organelles: Specialized parts of the cell
Cell membrane (Security doors):
Outer boundary that allows only certain material to
pass in and out
• In - food, oxygen
• Out - Waste
Cytoplasm:
Gel-like material inside membrane, contains a lot of
water, surrounds the structures called organelles,
constantly moving
Microtubules:
Support internal cell structure (cytoskeleton)
Common Animal & Plant Cell Features
Endoplasmic Reticulum (conveyor belt):
Winding channels that moves material
around cell, extends from nucleus to cell
membrane. Ribosomes land here
Ribosomes:
Make proteins, land on ER (get orders from
nucleus)
Golgi Bodies (packager):
Stacks of flat sacs, that process,
package and secrete materials
Mitochondria (power plant):
Supplies energy to cell by undergoing
respiration (use oxygen & sugar to make “E”).
CO2 & water are waste.
Vacuoles (warehouse):
Sac-like storage space for food, water,
waste. Can take up 90% volume of cell.
Vacuole
Common Animal & Plant Cell Features
Nucleus Features
Nucleus (control center): Control center for cells
activities, large organelle in cytoplasm, contains the
genetic material (DNA, proteins)
Nuclear membrane: surrounds nucleus, controls
material flow in and out of nucleus
Nucleolus: makes the ribosome parts
Chromosomes: contains DNA, passes on genetic info
Nuclear membrane
Chromosomes
Nucleoplasm
Animal Cell Feature
Lysosomes (lunchroom & garbage cans):
Organelle that contains chemicals
(enzymes) that digest food, disease-causing
bacteria, and worn out cell parts.
Plant Cell Feature
Cell Wall
Cell Wall (walls):
Outer, rigid structure that
supports and protects
plant cell.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts(solar panel):
Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy and
convert to chemical energy (sugar) through
process called photosynthesis (Plant take
Light+ CO2 +H2O to form Sugars + O2)
Cells
• Organelles (cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus,
etc.) are all made up of molecules.
• Molecules are made up of atoms!
Cells
• Cells are made up of 2 types of compounds:
– Organic Compounds contain carbon (make up
the food and cell membranes)
– Inorganic compounds contain no carbon. Water
(H2O is the most important!
Living Organisms Made of 4 Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates - supply energy
Ex. Sugars, starches, cellulose
2. Lipids - store and release more “Energy”
Ex. Fats, oils, wax
3. Proteins – build cell parts
Ex. Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions
4. Nucleic Acids – store information
Ex. DNA –carry info for cells activities
Ex. RNA – carry info for making proteins & enzymes