Transcript US Hist B – U 8, Ch 24, WWII USH19

The United States Goes to War
B4 our involvement in the war…
what else is going on?
• Double V Campaign
– Against ____ abroad &
against ____ at home
• A. Phillip Randolph
– Head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
– Black male industrialists
• March on Washington
• FDR’s response:Executive Order 8802
– Fair hiring practices for gov’t funded jobs.
Close Reading Activity
• Brief summary of WWII
• Read aloud
• Circle things you don’t know or want to
know more about
• Underline important information _____
• Star the most important
So… how do we get involved?
Clash of Ideologies:
Totalitarian Governments
• Germany, Italy, and the
Soviet Union.
• Fascism
– Germany’s Adolf Hitler
and Italy’s Benito
Mussolini.
– These Gov’ts used terror to
suppress individual rights – Places the importance of
and to silence all forms of
the nation above the
oppression.
value of the individual.
– They controlled all aspects – Focused on the need to
of everyday life.
rebuilt Italy/Germany.
– Different from
communism, b/c it allows
private business.
Where the heck is America?
• Neutrality
– The US will withhold
weapons & loans from all
nations at war.
• Cash and Carry
– Allies can buy war goods
from the US and transport
them in their own ships.
• Lend-Lease Act
– Allies could buy goods
from the US on credit, in
exchange for leases on
military bases.
December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor
• Hawaiian Island, Oahu
• Right before 8:00am, 180
Japanese warplanes sailed
overhead.
• Most of the Pacific fleet
was in an area less than 3
square miles.
• 2,400 Americans were
killed and 1,200 were
wounded.
• 300 warplanes damaged.
• 18 warships sunk, (8/9
fleet battleship).
• Japan lost 29 planes.
Pearl Harbor – Destroyed Battleships
Three days later, Germany and Italy
declared war on the United States.
Americans were part
of another world conflict.
Their contributions would make the
differences between victory and
defeat for the Allies.
Who’s side are you on?
• Axis Powers:
• Allied Powers:
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
•
•
•
•
Great Britain
Soviet Union (Russia)
United States
Gov’ts in exile –
“Free French”
THE BIG THREE
• US Alliance with Great Britain and the Soviet
Union
• Ideological differences
• Common Enemy – Hitler
• Stalin asked others to attack from France and
open a second front to split the Nazi forces
• Eastern Front took a heavy toll on the Soviet
population
• Allies attacked through Northern Africa
Early Allied Victory
• November 1942, GB won a victory in El
Alamein in Egypt.
– They made Germans retreat west.
• Eisenhower took US/GB troops in
Morocco & Algeria and pushed east.
• The two allied forces came together and
posed an intimidating threat.
– 240,000 Germans/Italian surrendered.
General George Marshall
• FDR’s Army Joint
Chief of Staff
• Orchestrated the “War
in Europe!”
• Later will win the
Nobel Peace Prize for
his “Marshall Plan.”
North Africa
• General George S.
Patton – Allies
• General Erwin
Rommell “Desert
Fox” – Axis (Nazi)
Hitler invades Soviet Union?!!?
• Since 1924, Hitler had called for conquest
of the Soviet Union.
– He claimed Germany needed Lebensraum.
• Living space
– After the loss of the Battle of Britain, he
launched an attack against the Soviet Union.
• June 1941, 3.6 million Germans poured
across the Soviet (Baltic to Black Sea).
• Soviets used “Scorched Earth” policy for
defense.
• Stalin asked
Roosevelt for help
through the LendLease Act.
• Stalin asked the
allies to please
attack Western
Europe.
– Would make Hitler
divide his troops.
– Instead Churchill
wanted to invade
Italy the “soft
under-belly of
Europe.”
Stalin asks for Help!
Allies invade Italy
• Allies, led by General George Patton,
launch invasion of Sicily from North
Africa.
– Fell in 38 days.
• Mussolini is denounced and arrested by the
Italian government.
• Italy announces declaration of war agaisnt
Germany.
Peace out Mussolini…
Here he is with his mistress
Battle of Stalingrad
• September 1942 – Germany attacks, bombs!
– Prolonged German offensive.
• Mid Nov – got too cold for the Nazi’s
– The Red Army was able to beat them!
• They hold the city against unbelievable odds.
• January 31, 1943
– 90,000 surviving Germans surrendered.
– Germany lost about 330,000
• Turning point of the war in the East!!!!
D-Day
• General Dwight D.
Eisenhower - leading officer
• Largest amphibious attack in
history
• June 6, 1944
• Operation Overlord
• D-Day = Designated Day
• 2 million troops involved
(largest invasion force ever
assembled)
• First waves experienced high
casualty rates
• Eventually liberated Paris
and Belgium
Battle of the Bulge
• December 1944
– General Patton brought
250,000 soldiers.
• Nazi troops squeezed b/w
Soviets and Allies
• Hitler launched a surprise
offensive in a weakened part of
the line
• Created a “bulge” in the front
line.
• Hitler was defeated again
• Largest battle in Western
Europe during WWII.
– Out of 600,000 GI’s 80,000
killed.
– German loss: 100,000
• One more nail in the coffin.
• Nazi leaders knew that the end
was near.
Yalta Conference
•The Big Three planned for the
post war world & agreed that:
•Germany would be
divided.
•Part of Poland would go to
the Soviet Union.
•Soviet Union would
declare war on Japan 2 to 3
months after defeating
Germany.
•Stalin didn’t allow free
elections and was slow to enter
the war with Japan.
•This would cause problems b/t
them and the US which would
lead to the Cold War.
Allied Victory in Europe
• After “Bulge,” Allies closed in on Berlin.
• Allies met at Yalta to discuss terms of
German surrender.
• Berlin ended up under Soviet control.
(Uh, oh).
• Hitler committed suicide at the beginning
of May in 1945.
• VE DAY = Victory in Europe!
– May 8, 1945
• Discovery of the “death” camps.
• Germany signs unconditional surrender.
– May 1, 1945 Hitler kills himself.
– May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders.
• War in Europe is over!
– May 8, 1945
The Potsdam Conference
• New Big Three:
– Stalin (still), Clement Attlee (replaces Churchill),
and Harry Truman (no more FDR).
– They finalized plans for administration of Europe.
– Germany and Berlin were divided into four zones
of occupation.
– Administered by Big Three countries plus France.
– Free elections to be held later for selfdetermination.
– Now… time to focus on the Pacific!
America in the Pacific
• Battle of Midway
– June 4, 1942;
fought by air.
– Sunk 4 Japanese
carriers, 250 planes.
• Japan can no longer
launch an offensive,
allies can.
• Battle of Guadalcanal
– First taste of Japanese
jungle for the Allies.
• Battle of Iwo Jima
– One of the bloodiest,
74 days long.
• 110,000 US vs. 25,000
Jap
– Enemy fought until
the last man, only 216
taken prisoner.
– 27 medals of Honor
awarded.
• Island hopping
commences!
Island Hopping Campaign
• US made its way from island to island to stop the
Japanese control
• Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led several raids on
Tokyo (known as Doolittle Raids)
Turning Point in the Pacific
• Had to gain control of the skies and waters of the Pacific
– The Battle of Coral Sea was the 1st major battle for US in the
Pacific.
• Battle of Midway in June of 1942 was THE turning
point
• Faced many Kamikazes
KAMIKAZES
• Japanese suicide
squadrons
• Aircrafts were loaded
with explosives
• Flew directly into US
naval vessels killing
themselves in an effort to
stop the American
advance
• Altogether, they sank
about 40 ships
Battle of Iwo Jima
• US Island hopping
Dangers other than battle
included:
1. Monsoons
2. Malaria
3. Heat
4. Earthquakes
5. Jungle Conditions
• Iwo Jima:
– US 6,800 killed and
23,000 wounded
Battle of Okinawa
• April to June 1945.
– Last obstacle to attack on
Japan!
• 1,300 warships, 18,000
Allied troops; 2,000
Kamikazes.
• Ended after three months.
• 7,2000 defenders
surrendered.
• 50,000 Allied deaths,
costliest engagement.
• This victory, however,
gave the US strong
positions to launch air
strikes
Manhattan Project
• Albert Einstein comes up
with the idea.
– An Atomic Bomb!
– Tested in the US and blew
out windows 125 miles
away.
• FDR died in April 1945.
• Harry Truman took over
the Presidency.
• 3 months later, he had a
decision to make.
1953, Las Vegas – A mom and her son watch the
mushroom cloud after an atomic bomb test 75 miles
away.
Hiroshima/Nagasaki
Little Boy and Fat Man
Little Boy and Fat Man
• Little Boy was the first nuclear weapon used in warfare. It exploded
approximately 1,800 feet over Hiroshima, Japan, on the morning of
August 6, 1945, with a force equal to 13,000 tons of TNT. Immediate
deaths were between 70,000 to 130,000.
• Little Boy was dropped from a B-29 bomber piloted by U.S. Army
Air Force Col. Paul W. Tibbets. Tibbets had named the plane Enola
Gay after his mother the night before the atomic attack.
• Fat Man was the second nuclear weapon used in warfare. Dropped
on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945, Fat Man devastated more
than two square miles of the city and caused approximately 45,000
immediate deaths.
• Major Charles W. Sweeney piloted the B-29, #77 that dropped Fat
Man. After the nuclear mission, #77 was christened Bockscar after its
regular Command Pilot, Fred Bock.
• While Little Boy was a uranium gun-type device, Fat Man was a
more complicated and powerful plutonium implosion weapon that
exploded with a force equal to 20 kilotons of TNT.
A-Bomb
• On August 6, 1945 US
dropped the first A-bomb
on Hiroshima
• Japan still does not
surrender
• On August 9th, 1945 US
dropped the second Abomb on Nagasaki
• On August 14, 1945
Japan surrenders
unconditionally; VJ Day
Devastation
Innocents
Nagasaki
Pikadon
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEOZ1
sBppWs
Effects of the War
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Holocaust
Nuremberg Trials
Japanese War Criminals
Unbelievable death & destruction
US Home front :
– Japanese Interment Camps 
• Korematsu v. United States (intro activity tomorrow)
– Wartime Economy boost 
– Women (“Rosie the Riveter,” and Minorities join the
market economy, only to be booted out AGAIN after
the war.
– Women’s Baseball (A League of their Own!)
Country
USSR
Germany
Japan
British Empire
France
Italy
United States
Number Killed (military)
13,600,000 (14 mil civilians)
3,300,000 (2.35 mil civilians)
1,740,429 (393,400 civilians)
357,116
(60,000 civilians)
122,000
(470,000 civilians)
279,800
(60,000 civilians)
405,400
(No civilian)
TOTAL
21,268,992
(40 mil w/ civilian)
THE WAR IS OVER!
Let the BABY BOOM begin 
What we’ve learned so far:
SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World
War II, especially the growth of the federal government.
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Element: SSUSH19.a
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Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's response.
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Element: SSUSH19.b
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Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans.
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Element: SSUSH19.c
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Explain major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall
of Berlin.
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Element: SSUSH19.d
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Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women
in war industries.
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Element: SSUSH19.e
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Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the
atomic bomb.
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Element: SSUSH19.f
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Compare the geographic locations of the European theater and the Pacific theater and the
difficulties the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops.
What else we have to learn
before the ATA and PA:
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SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold
War on the United States.
Element: SSUSH20.a
Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman
Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.
Element: SSUSH20.b
Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean
War, & how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.
SSUSH21 The student will explain economic growth and its impact on the United
States 1945-1970.
Element: SSUSH21.a
Describe the baby boom and the impact as shown by Levittown and the Interstate
Highway Act.
Element: SSUSH21.d
Describe the impact of competition with the USSR as evidenced by the launch of
Sputnik I and President Eisenhower's actions.
LET’S TAKE A CLOSER
LOOK AT WHAT IS
HAPPENING AT HOME
DURING THE WAR.