Transcript The Attack on Pearl Harbor

What is happening in this photo? Can you identify
what significant event in U.S. history is taking
place?
The Attack on
Pearl Harbor
Hawaii and Japan.
Not only Pearl Harbor,
but every military
installation on the
island of Oahu
(Ohwahoo) was
attacked on December
7, 1941.
Pearl Harbor from Above
Chart 1: December 7, 1941 losses
Personnel Killed United States
Navy
1998
64
Marine Corps
109
Army
233
Civilian 48
Personnel Wounded
Navy
710
Unknown
Marine Corps
69
Army
364
Civilian 35
Ships
Sunk or beached * 12
5
Damaged
9
Aircraft
Destroyed
164
29
Damaged
159
74
Japan
Of the total number of men killed at
Pearl Harbor, approximately 1,177 were
sailors and marines serving on the USS
Arizona. Approximately 333 men
aboard the USS Arizona survived the
attack.
The attack on Pearl Harbor was the culmination of a
decade of deteriorating relations between Japan and the
United States over the status of China and the security of
Southeast Asia. This breakdown began in 1931 when
Japanese army extremists, in defiance of government
policy, invaded and overran the northern-most Chinese
province of Manchuria. Japan ignored American
protests, and in the summer of 1937 launched a full-scale
attack on the rest of China. Although alarmed by this
action, neither the United States nor any other nation
with interests in the Far East was willing to use military
force to halt Japanese expansion.
Background
Over the next three years, war broke out in Europe and
Japan joined Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the Axis
Alliance. The United States applied both diplomatic and
economic pressures to try to resolve the Sino-Japanese
conflict. The Japanese government viewed these
measures, especially an embargo on oil, as threats to their
national security. By the summer of 1941, both countries
had taken positions from which they could not retreat
without a serious loss of national prestige. Although both
governments continued to negotiate their differences,
Japan had already decided on war. The attack on Pearl
Harbor was part of a grand strategy of conquest in the
western Pacific.
The objective was to immobilize the Pacific Fleet so that
the United States could not interfere with invasion plans.
The principal architect of the attack was Admiral
Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the
Japanese Combined Fleet. Though personally opposed
to war with America, Yamamoto knew that Japan's only
hope of success in such a war was to achieve quick and
decisive victory. If there were a prolonged conflict,
America's superior economic and industrial power
would likely tip the scales in her favor.
• Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory
• Pearl Harbor movie
Battle of the Atlantic and
the Gulf of St. Lawrence
• The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest single
campaign of the Second World War. As the countries of
Europe fell to the control of the Axis Power, less and less
territory on the continent became accessible to the Allies
and choked off what resources these territories could
provide. As a consequence of this, access to munitions
and supplies from North America and beyond became
increasingly important.
• The system of convoys, particularly from the port of
Halifax, was crucial to continuing access to supplies to
Britain. Canada's merchant marine formed an important
part of the system of supply vessels. The Royal Canadian
Navy (RCN) also played a significant role in the
protection and shepherding of the merchant marine
convoys on their way to Britain.
• As the war progressed, the battle spread closer and in a more
concentrated form towards North America and the Caribbean.
Throughout the North Atlantic, German U-boats patrolled
further and further, and made increasing numbers of sinkings
in the North Atlantic. By 1943, the success of the RCN in
limiting the effectiveness of the German U-boats in disrupting
supply lines had begun to escalate. Between 1940 and 1942,
the number of tonnes of supplies lost in sunk merchant vessels
in the North Atlantic had doubled to over 6 million tonnes. By
1943, the tonnage lost was less than 10% of the 1942 lost
tonnage, and by 1944, had dropped to almost 5% of the 1942
tonnage. By the end of the war, the RCN had helped over
25,000 ships cross the frigid North Atlantic and had become
the third largest navy in the world.
Hundreds of corvettes like this one escorted freighters from Halifax to
European ports in World War II, helping to combat preying German
submarines.
• The Battle of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was a part of the Battle
of the Atlantic. In this part of the Battle of the Atlantic, the
threat posed by German U-boats approached within 300 km of
Quebec City. As a result, Canada's ability to ship supplies was
at risk, since shipping out of Quebec City, along with Montreal
and Trois-Rivieres, accounted for nearly 50% of the tonnage
exported during the war. This threat became sufficiently large
that on September 9, 1942, trans-Atlantic shipping through the
Gulf was halted by the Canadian government, leaving only
domestic shipping to ports such as Sydney, Nova Scotia
available. The Gulf stayed closed until 1944.
A convoy of Allied
Ships
HMCS HAIDA
The Raid on Dieppe
• You will be put into groups of appox. 4 and review read
page 118 of the textbook.
• Decide on who will be the recorder and create the
following chart on a piece of paper.
Causes of the Raid Why it Failed
Effects
Class Activity – Cause
and Effect Organizer
• 3 names will be selected at random.
• If a member of your group appears, then you will present
a column from your cause and effect organizer.
• Only 3 groups will have to present their findings.
• Write your names on the chart and hand it in to me at the
end of class.
• http://classtools.net/education-games-php/fruit_machine/
Summer
Dacia
Alex
Gabe
Graham
Jamie D.
Juanes
Adam
Logan
Colin
Dustin
Salma
Sam S.
Class List – Period 1
The Dieppe Beachfront
Corpses on the
beach next to two
Churchill tanks of
the 14th Armoured
Regiment
(Calgary) stuck in
pebbles. Behind
them, thick smoke
coming from LCT
5.
Department of
National Defence /
National Archives
of Canada C014160.
Officer and soldiers examining a Churchill tank stuck on the beach
in front of the boardwalk after the battle, its left track broken.
Wounded men lying on the ground are about to be evacuated.
Dieppe, August 19th, 1942.
"The second the boat scraped the beach, I jumped out and
started to follow the sappers through the barbed wire. My
immediate objective was a concrete pillbox on top of a 12foot parapet about 100 yards up the beach. I think I had
taken three steps when the first one hit me. You say a
bullet or a piece of shrapnel hits you but the word isn't
right. They slam you the way a sledgehammer slams you.
There's no sharp pain at first. It jars you so much you're not
sure exactly where you've been hit-or what with."
- Lt-Col Dollard Ménard, Fusiliers Mont-Royal
Canadian
prisoners
escorted
by
German
guards
marching
through
Dieppe,
August
19th,
1942.