Transcript The First Half of the War

The First Half of
the War
Dec.
8th
1941
I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize
• Boosting American Morale
– With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S. was forced to
watch the Japanese build a Pacific Empire
– FDR was desperate for a victory to show that the U.S.
would fight
• Doolittle Raids
–
–
–
–
Japan was outside of our bomber’s range to attack
Or was it…?
The story…
Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in military
terms, but in morale terms
Looking
for
someone
???? Ha,
ha, ha…
I told you
not to bring
your damn
plane!
• Once Again (see WWI) the
American Economy
revved up for war
– Many of the same themes
as WWI
• Production shifted to war
materials
• The government took greater
control of the economy to
manage it for war aims
• Minority groups were called
upon to contribute, which
caused some tension
because they hoped for
equality in return
Part II. America’s Wartime Economy
• Gov’t Oversaw the Economy
– Rationing
– Massive borrowing to finance the war  Savings Bonds
– Propaganda
• Films  Why We Fight
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm3GsSWKyso&safety_mode
=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (start at 1:30)
– American production boomed
• In 1940 (pre war) America produced $100 billion worth of goods.
In 1945  $220 billion.
• Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war)  6,000. In 1943 
85,000.
• Interesting Side Note  Keynesian
Economics Won Legitimacy
– Why?
• New Deal gov. spending had weakened, but not
ended, the Great Depression. World War II
spending, much greater than New Deal spending,
did.
– After the war, most economists accepted
Keynesian principles
• Gov. should use its weight to minimize the
business cycle
New Deal
WWII
Part III. The Fighting
Allies
WWII Teams
• Poland
• Britain
• France
Additions:
• USSR
• U.S.
•China
• and over 40
other countries
Axis
• Germany
• Japan
•Italy
•7 other small
countries
Battle of the Atlantic (1941 – 1943)
• Battle between Britain, U.S., and Germany over control of
Atlantic Ocean
• From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle using UBoats to destroy cargo ships
•By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic
•Convoys
•New technologies
•The Hedgehog
•Catapult planes
•Sonar
• Significant because U.S. now able to safely provide supplies,
weapons, soldiers to war in Europe
Convoys
The Hedgehog
Struggle Over a 2nd Front
• Germany launched the bulk of its military at the Soviet
Union
•America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union
(Communist) but we hated Hitler more
•Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed an
alliance
•Starting in 1942 (after Pearl Harbor) Stalin desperately
called on the Americans and British to invade Western
Europe to open a 2nd front
•This would divide Germany’s forces
•America and Britain delayed
•Why?
•Our explanation An amphibious
invasion is hard
•A possible alternative?  Do we really mind if
the Soviets and Germans kill each other?
Southern Front (1942 – 1943)
•Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North
Africa, and eventually on into Italy
•Called “Operation Torch”
•American General Eisenhower fought against German
General Rommel (“the Desert Fox”).
•See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but…
•…not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler
•The ALPS!
• Allied victory, but long and slow
The Pacific
• About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s
increased production allowed us to start to
win battles in the Pacific against Japan
– Rebuilt Pacific navy
• Two key early battles
– Coral Sea
– Midway
Battle of Coral Sea (1942)
• five day battle where the Japanese
were trying to take over Australia
• Japanese vs. Americans &
Australians
• all fighting was done by planes
• first time since Pearl Harbor a
Japanese attack had been
stopped
Battle of Midway (1942)
• Japan wanted to seize this
island near Hawaii
• U.S. broke a Japanese code
allowing us to successfully
defend the island
• the U.S. bombed and
destroyed Japanese aircraft
carriers, a cruiser, and 250
planes
• turning point in War in the
Pacific
• led to the Island Hopping
Campaign
Hansen
U.S. History
Name ___________________
Period __________________
Lecture #3- The First Half of WWII (part a)
‫ ۝‬Part I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize
•
Boosting American Morale
‫ ۝‬Part III The Fighting
–
With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S.
was
•
World War II Teams
forced _______________________________
–
Allies  Poland, Britain, France, _________________
________________________________________
____________________________________________
–
FDR was ________________________________
to
–
Axis powers  Germany, Japan, and Italy _______
show that the U.S. would fight
•
Battle of the Atlantic (1941-1943)
•
______________________
–
Battle between _________________________ over
–
Japan was outside of our _______________________
control of Atlantic Ocean
–
Or was it…?
–
From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle
–
The story… _______________________________________
using _______________________________
_________________________________________________
–
By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic
–
Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in __________ ,
• Convoys- ____________________________
but in ____________________
____________________________________
•
Once Again (see WWI) the American Economy revved up for war
•
New technologies
–
Many of the same themes as WWI
– __________________
• Production _______________________________
– Catapult planes
• The government ___________________________
– Sonar - ________________________
_____________________ to manage it for war aims
–
Significant
because
U.S. now able to ______________
• __________________ were called upon to contribute,
_____________________________ to war in Europe
which caused some tension because they _________
____________________________________________
•
Struggle over ___________________________
‫ ۝‬Part II. America’s Wartime Economy
–
Germany launched the bulk of its military at ________
__________________________________________
•
Gov’t Oversaw the Economy
–
America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union
–
_______________________
(Communist) but ______________________________
–
Massive _____________________ the war  Savings Bonds
• Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed
–
Propaganda
___________________
• Films  ________________________
–
Starting in 1942 (________________) Stalin
–
American production boomed
desperately called on the Americans and British to
• In 1940 (________) America produced $___________
___________________to open a 2nd front
worth of _______. In 1945  $_____________.
• This would _________________________
• Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war)  ______.
–
America and Britain delayed
In 1943  ___________.
• Why?
–
Interesting Side Note  ______________________________
– Our explanation _______________
______________________
_______________________________
–
Why?
_______________________________
• New Deal gov. spending had ____________________
– A possible alternative?  Do we really
_________________ , the Great Depression. _______
mind if _________________________
________________________ , much greater than
______________________________?
New Deal spending, ___________.
–
After the war, most economists accepted Keynesian principles
• ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
•
Southern Front
–
Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North
Africa, _______________________________________
• Called ___________________________
• American General ________________ fought against
German General Rommel (“the _____________”).
–
See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but…
• …not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler
• ________________________
–
Allied victory, but _______________
•
The Pacific Front
–
About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s ____________
_______________ allowed us to start to win battles in the
Pacific against Japan
• ____________________________
–
Two key early battles
• Coral Sea
• Midway
–
Coral Sea
• five day battle where the Japanese were ___________
________________________________________
•
Japanese vs. Americans & Australians
•
all fighting was ______________________
•
first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese _________
_________________________________________
–
Midway
• Japan wanted to seize this island near Hawaii
•
U.S. _________________________ allowing us to
successfully defend the island
•
the U.S. bombed and destroyed Japanese aircraft
carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes
• _________________________________________
•
led to the Island Hopping Campaign- ___________
__________________________________________