Transcript Cell Test Review

Cell Test Review
What are the three principles of the
cell theory?
• 1. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
• 2. Cells are the organizational units of
multicellular organisms and single cells are the
smallest organisms.
• 3. All living things are composed of cells.
What are the two most important
features that distinguish prokaryotic
from eukaryotic cells?
• Eukaryotes have their DNA enclosed in a
nucleus and prokaryote DNA is in the
cytoplasm.
• Eukaryotes have organelles and prokaryotes
do not.
What is the outermost layer of a plant
cell?
Cell Wall
What is the outermost layer of animal cells?
Cell membrane
What four features do all cells share?
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Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes
What shape do plant and animal cells
take and why?
• Plant cells are boxy due to their rigid cell wall.
• Animal cells take on a variety of different
shapes because their outer layer is the thin,
flexible cell membrane
What are specialized cells?
• Cells with specific structures and functions.
What type of organism has specialized
cells?
• Multicellular (plants, animals, fungi…)
Provide an example of a specialized
cell and how its structure relates to its
function.
• Muscle cells have lots of mitochondria to
produce ATP for contraction.
• Leaf cells have lots of chloroplasts for
photosynthesis.
• Cells lining the respiratory system have cilia to
trap debris and sweep it out of the airway.
What cell structures are found in the
nucleus?
• DNA and nucleolus
• Which cell is specialized
to receive and transmit
signals?
• Neuron (branch-like
extensions)
• Which cell is capable of
moving fluids and
particles past it?
• Columnar/Goblet cells
(they have cilia)
Write the cell structure that carries out
each function below.
• Protect and support the cell
• Cell Wall
• Isolate the cell interior, control what enters and
leaves the cell
• Cell Membrane
• Break down glucose to generate ATP
• Mitochondria
• Synthesize Proteins
• RER, Ribosomes
• Breakdown food or old/defective cell parts
• Lysosomes
• Manage cell activities
• Nucleus
• Store starch and pigments
• Plastids
• Maintain cell shape, move structures within
the cell, allow cell to divide and move
• Cytoskeleton
• Capture sun’s energy to make glucose
• Chloroplast
• Sort, modify and package products from the
ER.
• Golgi
• Store water, enzymes, amino acids, waste
• Vacuole
• Compound that stores instructions for making
proteins
• DNA
• Control the passage of materials into and out
of nucleus
• Nuclear Membrane
• Synthesize lipids, detoxify harmful substances
• SER
• Whip-like tail that moves the cell
• Flagella
• Make ribosomes
• Nucleolus
• Tiny hairs that move the cell or move fluids past
the cell
• Cilia
• Transport materials within the cytoplasm
• Vesicles
• Protect and support the cell.
• Cell Wall
What features would be found in a
plant cell but NOT an animal cell?
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Cell wall
Chloroplast
Large, central vacuole
Plastids
What is the endomembrane system?
• Group of structures that can exchange
contents because all are surrounded or
composed of the same type of membrane.
How is cargo exchanged within the
endomembrane system?
• It buds off from one structure forming a
vesicle. The vesicle fuses with another
structure.
These three protein fibers composed
the cytoskeleton
• Microtubules
• Microfilaments
• Intermediate filaments
These structures are part of the
endomembrane system.
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Cell membrane
ER (rough and smooth)
Vesicles
Vacuoles
Golgi
Lysosomes
Nuclear Membrane
What is an organelle?
• A structure in a eukaryotic cell enclosed by
membrane with a specific function
Describe the path a protein takes from
synthesis to export.
• The protein is made by the RER (or free
ribosomes)
• The protein is packaged into a vesicle and
travels to the golgi.
• The protein is sorted, modified and
repackaged into another vesicle by the golgi.
• The vesicle is sent to the plasma membrane
and the protein is released outside the cell.
What class of organic compound are
most cell structures made of?
• Proteins
Identify the cell types (plant, animal,
or bacteria) that would have each of
the following structures.
• Nucleus
• Plant and Animal
• DNA
• Plant, animal, bacteria
• Chloroplast
• Plant
• Mitochondria
• Plant and Animal
• Cilia
• Animal
Flagella
Animal and Bacteria
Ribosomes
Plant, Animal, Bacteria
• ER
• Plant and Animal
• Golgi
• Plant and Animal
• Lysosomes
• Plant and Animal
• Nuclear Membrane
• Plant and Animal
Which of the following cells contains a
nucleus and organelles?
• Leaf cell, dog muscle cell, bacteria cell, human
brain cell
• Leaf, dog muscle, human brain
Based on this microscopic image, what
type of cell are you looking at (plant,
animal or bacteria).
• Plant (thick cell wall,
boxy, nucleus)
How would you classify these cells?
(plant, animal, bacteria)
Animal (nucleus, irregular
and not boxy)
Label each cell structure.
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I
J
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A= cell wall
B= RER
C= chloroplasts
D= SER
E= nucleus
F= golgi
G= vacuole
H= mitochondria
I = nucleolus
J= cell membrane
K= DNA