Transcript THE COLD WAR

WORLD WAR II
Readings: Spodek, 696-723, 725732
JAPANESE BOMB PEARL HARBOR
► Sneak
Attack on
U.S Naval Base
► Destroys planes
and battleships
► Aircraft carriers
out on maneuvers
► Roosevelt: Day of
Infamy
► Admiral
Yamamoto: “We
have awakened a
sleeping tiger”
THE U.S. ENTERS WORLD WAR II
►
►
►
►
►
December 7: Pearl Harbor
Bombed
December 8: U.S. Declares
War on Japan
December 10: Britain
Declares War on Japan
December 11: Hitler
Declares War on the U.S.
Italy Declares War on the
United States
WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
►
►
►
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EUROPE:
ALLIES:
ENGLAND, THE
SOVIET UNION,
AND THE UNITED
STATES
AXIS:
GERMANY AND
ITALY
WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
► ASIA:
► ALLIES:
► UNITED
STATES, GREAT
BRITAIN
► AXIS:
► JAPAN AND
GERMANY
PROBLEM – SOVIET UNION
►
Stalin Creating 2nd
 Superpower
►5
Year Plans – Rapid
Industrialization
► Collectivization of
Agriculture – Increase
Productivity to Feed
Workers
► Great Terror –
 Forced Migration to
► Siberia
 Does it make it possible to
do things not possible in
Democracy
►
U.S. – Fight war in Europe
First
 Stakes Highest
 Hitler Dominating Europe
►
Much of War Fought in
North Africa (September
1940-May 1943)
 Mussolini wanted to
reconstruct Roman Empire,
invades Egypt
 Germany bales out Mussolini
 U.S. contributes tank force
under Gen. George Patton
► Patton
defeats German
General Erwin Rommel
► U.S.
Britain, Canada
invade Italy (July 10,
1943)
► Mussolini forced to
resign (July 25, 1943)
 Rescued by Hitler
September 15, 1943
► Creates
Salo Republic in
Northern Italy
► Much
of European
fighting in Italy
BATTLE OF BRITAIN
► Massive
Bombing
 Germans Target London
 Britain Targets German
Cities
► Civilian
Casualties High
 Firebombing of Dresden
► Radar
► Enigma
Machines
Hitler invades Soviet Union (June 22, 1941)
 Germans Decide on
“Final Solution”
 Winter Threatens
German Troops in
Russia
 Siege of Moscow
 Battle of Stalingrad
► Gen.
Zhukov stops
Germans advance
(November 1942) –
major turning point of
war in Europe
War in the Pacific
► Japan
invades
Philippines (January 2,
1942)
 Conquers most of
Southeast Asia, Many
Islands
 U.S., allies, have to
fight back island by
island
MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR
►
Moscow Conference
(October 19-November 1,
1943)
 U.S., Britain, Soviet Union
agree to form United
Nations
►
Tehran Conference
(November 28-December
1, 1943)
 Open up Second Front
► Europe’s
Soft Underbelly:
Eastern Europe (Churchill)
► France
 Ultimately – Normandy
Landing – D-Day June 6,
1944
WORLD WAR II COMBATTANTS
►
►
►
►
EUROPE:
ALLIES:
ENGLAND, THE
SOVIET UNION,
AND THE UNITED
STATES
AXIS:
GERMANY AND
ITALY
MAKING PEACE OUT OF WAR
►
Yalta Conference (February
1945)
 Germany to be Disarmed
and Denazified
 German Leaders to be Tried
as War Criminals
 Each power would occupy
part of Germany
 Soviet Union could collect
Reparations
 United Nations would be
formed
 Agreed Soviets could
supervise elections in
Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary
 Agreed to divide Korea at
38th Parallel – if Soviets
declared war on Japan
END OF WAR IN EUROPE
►
Roosevelt dies (April 12,
1945)
 Harry Truman becomes U.S.
President
►
►
►
German Divisions in Italy
Resign (April 28, 1945)
Mussolini and Mistress
Killed by Anti-Fascists
Battle of Berlin (May 1,
1945)
 Hitler and new wife Eva
Braun commit suicide
V-E Day in Europe (May 8, 1945)
POTSDAM CONFERENCE (JULY 17-AUGUST 2,
1945)
► Truman,
Churchill/Atlee, Stalin
confirm Yalta
Agreement
► Truman announces
U.S. secret weapon
Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
SOVIETS DECLARE WAR ON JAPAN
(AUGUST 8, 1945)
► Soviets
invade Korea,
Manchuria
U.S. DROPS ATOMIC BOMB ON
NAGASAKI (AUGUST 9, 1945)
JAPAN SURRENDERS (AUGUST 10,
1945)
WORLD WAR II ENDS/COLD WAR
BEGINS (SEPTEMBER 2, 1945)
► Korea
Divided at 38th
Parallel
► Germany Divided
► “Iron Curtain”
Descending Upon
Europe
► Nuclear Arms Race
COLD WAR IN EUROPE
►
►
Fear of Communism in
Greece, Italy, and France
Fear of Revival of Fascism
in Germany
 July 1947 – Marshall Plan
 April 1949 – Creation of
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Orga1nization)
 August 29, 1949 – Soviets
detonate Atomic Bomb
 1955 – Soviets form Warsaw
Pact
 October 4, 1957 – Soviets
launch Sputnik
European Union