Transcript 7.9 PPT Fighting WWII in the Pacific

■ Essential Question:
Fighting
–What role did the United States
play in
in
WWII
fighting in the Pacific during
World
War II?
the
Pacific
■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 11.5:
–Clicker Questions
–“Fighting World War II” notes
–“The Manhattan Project” inquiry activity
–Today’s HW: 25.3
–Unit 11 Test: Thursday, February 16
–Semester Essay: Tuesday, February 21
While the war was coming to an end in Europe, the
Allies continued to fight the Japanese in the Pacific
After the attack on
Pearl Harbor, the
USA sent troops to
the Pacific theater
The Pacific war
revealed a new kind
of fighting by using
aircraft carriers
The turning point
in the war in the
Pacific came at the
Battle of Midway
After Midway,
the Allies began
to regain islands
controlled by Japan
Japan did not play by traditional rules in war
“Kamikaze” pilots flew
planes into battleships
& aircraft carriers
Japanese soldiers refused
to surrender & tortured
Allied prisoners of war
The problem for the
Allies was the time &
troops it would cost to
retake the thousands of
islands the Japanese
controlled in the Pacific
The U.S. developed an
island-hopping strategy
to skip the heavily
defended islands & seize
islands close to Japan
From 1943 to 1945,
the Allies took back
the Philippines & were
movingtook
in on
Japan
The fight for Guadalcanal
6 months
& cost 25,000 Japanese & 2,000 U.S. lives
In 1945, the Allies
won the islands of
Iwo Jima & Okinawa
From these islands, the
U.S. began firebombing
Japanese cities
Despite losing control of
the Pacific & withstanding
firebomb attacks, Japan
refused to surrender
By May 1945, the war
in Europe was over &
U.S. began preparing for
a land invasion of Japan
…But, perhaps a land invasion was not necessary…
Whether to Drop
the Atomic Bomb?
Critical Thinking
Decision A
In 1939, Albert Einstein
wrote U.S. President
Franklin Roosevelt
about the potential to
build a nuclear weapon
FDR created a top-secret
program called the
Manhattan Project
FDR’s
Decision:
B
The Manhattan Project
Robert Oppenheimer
was put in charge of
developing the bomb
From 1942-1945,
a number of secret
labs across the
country developed
& built the bomb
In July 1945, the bomb was
The bomb
was constructed
successfully
tested in
at Los Alamos,
a secret city
Oak Ridge,
TNProject Trinity
NewinMexico
during
Physicist Enrico Fermi at the
Nuclear
plant in Hanford, WA
University of Chicago
developed
developed the plutonium
the nuclear
reaction
The Manhattan Project
In April 1945, FDR died & his VP Harry Truman
had to decide how to end the war in the Pacific
Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb:
Critical Thinking Decision B
Truman’s
Decision:
C
In July 1945, the
Truman learned the atomic
Big Three met at the
bomb was ready & issued the
Potsdam Conference to Potsdam Declaration to Japan:
discuss the end of WWII “surrender or face destruction”
When Japan refused to
surrender, Truman ordered
the bombing of Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945
After 3 days, Japan did
not surrender so a
2nd atomic bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki
After the second atomic
bomb, Emperor Hirohito
agreed to a surrender
Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy
Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima Memorials
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
World War II was over
Whether to Drop the Atomic Bomb:
Critical Thinking Decision C
Crash Course
#35
Whether to Build
• Einstein sends letter to
FDR, 1939
• Manhattan Project, under
direction J. Robert
Oppenheimer born;
included Fermi, Bohr
• 100,000 workers in
facilities in Hanford WA,
Oak Ridge TN,
Alamagordo NM
• Successful test: July 16,
1945
• The fireball was so bright,
a blind girl in a car several
miles away saw the flash.
• The mushroom cloud rose
8 miles into sky; scientists
7 miles away were
knocked down by the
force, and it shattered
windows 125 miles away.
• The blast left 1200 foot
wide crater
Whether to Drop
• Would shorten the war
• Would save the lives of
thousands of American
soldiers who were
predicted to die in an
invasion of Japan
• Would save the lives of
millions of Japanese who
would die in the event of
an invasion of Japan
• Warning message to the
Soviet Union
• Would kill tens of
thousands of civilians
• Unknown effects
• Releases the atomic
bomb genie
• The Japanese were
already defeated, and the
bomb was literally
“overkill”
Whether to Drop
• Truman is informed of
Manhattan Project upon
FDR’s death.
• Informed of successful
test at Potsdam, June
1945.
• August 6th, the Enola Gay
drops “Little Boy” on
Hiroshima at 1900 feet
above city. 100,000
Deaths
• August 9, “Fat Man”
dropped on Nagasaki.
70,000 deaths
• USSR invaded Manchuria
the same day; Japan
surrendered 5 days later.
• People at center of
explosion vaporized
(temp of 100 Million
degrees), more die of
fatal burns and months
later of radiation
poisoning
Truman
“We have used it against those who
attacked without warning at Pearl Harbor,
against those who have abandoned the
pretense of obeying international laws of
warfare. We have used it to shorten the
agony of war, in order to save the lives of
thousands and thousands of young
Americans.”
Whether Truman Made the Right
Decision
• After WWII,
Oppenheimer became
active in the failed effort
to put all nuclear
weapons and power
under the direction of the
United Nations.
• Einstein, a pacifist,
regretted ever sending
FDR the original letter.
• Today 8 countries are
considered in the Nuclear
Club: US, Russia, UK,
France, China, India,
Pakistan, North Korea.
Israel is thought to have
capability. South Africa
did but dismantled its
arsenal. Iran is currently
in process.
Conclusions: The Impact of World War II
■ World War II was the biggest, most deadly,
& most impactful war in world history:
–Europe was destroyed by the war & lost its
place as the epicenter of power in the world
–The USA & USSR emerged as super powers &
rivals competing for influence in the world
–A United Nations was formed to replace the
League of Nations to help promote peace
–Colonized nation began to demand
independence from Europeans