Transcript Unit Question: How do organisms reproduce and develop? Notes #9

Unit Question: How do organisms
reproduce and develop?
Aim: What is meiosis?
Notes #9: Cell Meiosis
Name:________________
ADMIT SLIP: THIS IS AN AMEBA (ONE-CELLED ORGANISM)
REPRODUCING (making copies of itself). WHAT PROCESS
DOES THIS REMIND YOU OF??? ________________________
Reproduction: Asexual
- A lot of single-celled organisms
reproduce asexually
- Offspring (babies) come from one parent
only
- The 2 new cells (offspring) are identical
to each other and to the original cell
(parent).
- Offspring have the same number and
types of chromosomes as the parent
Asexual reproduction of
a one-celled organism
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
THROUGH MITOSIS
2 new cells (which are single-celled organisms), each with the
same number and types of chromosomes as the original cell
(parent).
These 2 new cells could also be 2 new human body cells used
for growth or repair.
Reproduction: SEXUAL
- Meiosis is the process where a body cell
divides and produces four sex cells (sperm
or egg)
- The 4 new cells produced (sex cells) have
HALF the number of chromosomes as the
original cells. The cells are also different
from each other and the original cell.
- Unlike with mitosis, cells produced by
meiosis cannot grow into new organisms.
They are only sex cells used only for sexual
reproduction
Meiosis
Sorting and
Recombining
of genes makes
a wide variety
of
combinations
of traits
4 different sperm
or egg cells
4 new cells, each with half the number of different
types of chromosomes as the original cell
The great variety of possible gene combinations in a sexually reproducing species is
due in part to the
(1) sorting of genes as a result of gene replication
(2) pairing of genes as a result of mitosis
(3) pairing of genes as a result of differentiation
(4) sorting of genes as a result of meiosis
Compared to human cells resulting from mitotic cell division, human cells
resulting from meiotic cell division would have
(1) twice as many chromosomes
(2) the same number of chromosomes
(3) one-half the number of chromosomes
(4) one-quarter as many chromosomes
Certain bacteria produce a chemical that makes them resistant to penicillin. Since
these bacteria reproduce asexually, they usually produce offspring that
(1) can be destroyed by penicillin
(2) mutate into another species
(3) are genetically different from their parents
(4) survive exposure to penicillin
Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organism
is located in
(1) only those cells of an individual produced by meiosis
(2) the nuclei of body cells of an individual
(3) certain genes in the vacuoles of body cells
(4) the numerous ribosomes in certain cells
Which row in the chart below best describes asexual reproduction?
Which cell process occurs only in organisms that reproduce sexually?
(1) mutation
(2) replication
(3) meiosis
(4) mitosis
Which statement correctly describes the genetic makeup of the sperm cells
produced by a human male?
(1) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically
identical.
(2) Each cell has pairs of chromosomes and the cells are usually genetically
different.
(3) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are
usually genetically identical.
(4) Each cell has half the normal number of chromosomes and the cells are
usually genetically different.
8. As a result of these processes, the single-celled organism accomplishes
(1) gamete production
(2) energy production
(3) sexual reproduction
(4) asexual reproduction
9. Process 1 is known as
(1) replication
(2) meiosis
(3) differentiation
(4) digestion
10. Process 1 and process 2 are directly involved in
(1) meiotic cell division
(2) mitotic cell division
(3) fertilization
(4) recombination
11. The genetic content of C is usually identical to the genetic content of
(1) B but not D
(2) both B and D
(3) D but not A
(4) both A and D