Transcript World War II

World War II
Chapter 26
Road to War
Section 1
The Rise of Dictators
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Dictator – a leader who takes control
by force
1. Adolf Hitler – Germany
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Nazi Party
Anti-Semitism – hatred of the Jewish race
Ended democracy – totalitarian rule
2. Benito Mussolini – Italy
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Fascism – extreme nationalism and racism
3. Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
(Communism)
4. Japan – military led gov’t invaded China
American Neutrality
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US wanted nothing to do w/ world
conflict
Neutrality Acts – no sale of weapons
to nations at war
Germany on the Move
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Munich Conference – no more
German expansion (Britain, France
Germany)
Soviet-German Non-Aggressive Pact
Putting force near the Rhineland,
Austria and Czechoslovakia
War Begins
Section 2
Germany Invades: Poland
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Blitzkrieg – lightning war (quick
strike)
September 1, 1939
Germany & Sov. Un. split Poland 50/50
Britain and France declare war
• Little they could do
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Soviets attack: Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, and Finland
The War Expands
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Maginot Line – fortified line between
Belgium and Switzerland
• Major dividing line in the west
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Hitler attacked: Denmark, Norway,
Netherlands, Belgium
Axis Powers formed (Germany, Italy,
later on Japan
June 14, 1940 – blitz and capture Paris
. Paris
Maginot Line
On your MAP:
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Countries
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Czechoslovakia
Austria
Switzerland
Sweden
Hungary
Cities
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London
Warsaw
Rome
Moscow
Berlin
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Bodies of Water
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Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
English Channel
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Adriatic Sea
Atlantic Ocean
The Battle of Britain
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German Air Attacks on London
• Many civilian deaths
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Britain never gave up
Nazis never gained control
Germans gave up
“We shall defend our island, whatever the cost
may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall
fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in
the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in
the hills; we shall never surrender.”
- Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain
1.
Blitzkrieg in Poland
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Blitz in Paris
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Battle of Britain
. Paris
Maginot Line
Germany Turns East
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Frustrated by not winning Britain
Hitler attacks the Soviet Union
• June 1941
• This broke a non-aggressive pact that
the two countries had
Election of 1940
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FDR runs and wins a 3rd Term
• 1st time ever
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“Your boys are not going to be sent
into any foreign wars.”
US Begins Involvement
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Lend-Lease – supplying arms to
other countries
Atlantic Charter
 End “Nazi Tyranny”
 Disarmament and freedom for the
whole world
Pearl Harbor
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Dec. 7, 1941 – 7:55 am – Hawaii
Japanese sneak attack
8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 4 other ships
2,400 killed
“… a date that will live in infamy.”
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
US Declares War
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Dec. 7, 1941 US declares war on Japan
3 days later Axis Powers declare war on
US
Congress approves war on Axis Powers
On the Home Front
Section 3
Raising the Army
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Selective Service Act – Draft
15,000,000 joined military
• 350,000 women
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Mobilization – preparations for war
Financing the War
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$320 billion
Income Tax & war bonds
Factories
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Traded consumer goods for war
goods
• 70,000 ships
• 100,000 tanks and airplanes
• Millions of guns
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Very efficient
Prosperity returns to US
Sacrifices
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Families separated
Goods rationed: consumers can
only buy a limited amount
Women in the War
Activity: what do you think the role of
a women was prior to 1940?
 Military
 Worked in factories
• Rosie the Riveter
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Lost jobs after the war
Opinions changed about women
African Americans
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700,000 served in military
Tuskegee Airmen
Equal Rights movement in factories
Migration north – racial tensions
“You say we’re fightin’ for democracy, then why
don’t democracy include me?”
- Langston Hughes
Native Americans
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Code talkers – Navajo language
Ira Hayes raises flag at Iwo Jima
Hispanic Americans
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500,000 served
17 Mexicans awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor
Japanese Americans
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National fear of internal attack
Internment camps
• 100,000 from the west coast
• 3 years
ACTIVITY
Compare how America reacted to
WWII to how we are reacting to our
current war. How are they the same
and how are they different? Why do
you think this is so?
War in Europe and Africa
Section 4
Hitler Expands
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Almost all of Europe
Much of N. Africa
America goes to war in Europe
before Japan
• Bigger threat
Allied Forces
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United States
Great Britain
France
Poland
Australia
New Zealand
India
Newfoundland
South Africa
Canada
Norway
Denmark
Belgium
Luxembourg
Czechoslovakia
Brazil
Ethiopia
Iraq
Bolivia
Columbia
Liberia
Peru
Lebanon
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
Chile
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Greece
Yugoslavia
Soviet Union***
Mongolia
Panama
Samoa
Guam
Puerto Rico
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Haiti
Honduras
Nicaragua
China
Mexico
Guatemala
Cuba
Italy***
Romania
Bulgaria
San Marino
Albania
Ecuador
Paraguay
Uruguay
Venezuela
Turkey
The Eastern Front
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Leningrad – 900 day siege – military
blockade
• Supplies ran low (cats/dogs)
• Thousands Died – NEVER GAVE UP
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Moscow – Soviet capital
• Bad weather
• Germany reaches the middle of the city
but never takes control - retreat
The Eastern Front
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Stalingrad – oil rich city in the south
• Street by street/house by house
• Won by Germany
• Soviets reclaim within a few months
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Heavy losses on both sides
1.
Blitzkrieg in Poland
2.
Blitz in Paris
3.
Battle of Britain
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Battle of Leningrad
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Battle of Moscow
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Battle of Stalingrad
. Paris
Maginot Line
Air Attacks Over Germany
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Summer 1942 – British/USA
bombings over Germany
Factories/Cities
• Massive destruction
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Didn’t phase German military
North African Campaign
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General Erwin Rommel (German)
• “Desert Fox
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Gen. Eisenhower & Gen. Patton
Nov. 1942 to May 1943
Hitler driven from Africa
ACTIVITY: describe the conditions of the
desert. What problems would occur in
fighting a war in the desert.
Invasion of Italy
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Summer 1943
Italians easily beaten, Hitler
continued to fight
• Germany held for 4 months
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Allies liberated Rome in June 1944
D-Day
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Operation Overload
• Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
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French coast of Normandy
Over 1 million Allied troops
After storming the beach, Allies
pushed forward and liberated Paris
• Aug. 15, 1944
D-Day Statistics
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150,000 troops landed on the beach on
June 6th
• Over a million followed
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Around 10,000 Allies dead on June 6th
9,000 Germans dead of June 6th
425,000 total dead @ Normandy
566,648 tons of supplies
171,532 vehicles
Battle of the Buldge
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Stand off @ the Rhine River
• COLD!!!
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Dec. 16, 1944 – surprise attack
Germany drives deep into Allied lines
Allies overcome force
Last major German offensive
• 75,000 dead
Final Stages in Europe
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FDR dies in Feb. 1945
• Harry Truman takes over
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Hitler’s suicide – April 30, 1945
V-E Day – Victory in Europe
• May 7, 1945
• German Surrender
War in the Pacific
Section 5
The Pacific Front
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On Dec. 7, 1941 (Pearl Harbor Day)
Japan also bombed American air
fields in:
• Philippines
• Wake
• Guam
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Gen. Douglas MacArthur – retreat to
Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines
The Philippines
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Allied troops @ Bataan forced to
surrender
• 76,000 taken prisoner
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Bataan Death March
• 60 miles
• Killed if they couldn’t walk
• 22,000 killed
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“I shall return” – Gen. MacArthur
Island Hopping
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Island Hopping – attacking and
capturing key islands
Quick Strike – James Doolittle
• Tokyo – moral victory
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Battle of the Coral Sea
• Strategic victory – no advancement to
Australia
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Midway
Guadal Canal – most vicious battle
Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Philippines – MacArthur’s revenge
Advance to Japan
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Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Allied pounding of Japan’s mainland
Kamikazes – suicide pilots
• Desperation, planes full of explosives
• Sunk many battle ships
On Your Map
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Countries
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Japan
China
Korea
Australia
Philippines
New Guinea
Indonesia
Bodies of Water
• Pacific Ocean
• Indian Ocean
• Coral Sea
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Cities, States, or Islands
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Hawaii
Guam
Midway
Wake
Tokyo
Okinawa
Beijing
Hong Kong
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Atomic Bomb
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Albert Einstein
Manhattan Project – a program to
develop new extremely powerful
weapons
Potsdam Declaration
• Surrender or “UTTER DESTRUCTION”
Click on Link
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2552156377245852199&hl=en
Final Stages of War
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August 6, 1945 - Hiroshima
• Enola Gay – Little Boy
• 70,000 dead
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3 days later – Nagasaki
• Fat Man
• 40,000 dead
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Thousands more would die from
radiation
ACTIVITY
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In Pairs
• Did the United States need to drop the
A-bomb? Explain.
• What are the pros and cons to using this
kind of weapon?
• What would be an alternative to
dropping the A-bomb in this situation?
THE END
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August 15, 1945 – “V-J Day”
• Victory over Japan
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September 2, 1945 – Japan signs a
surrender
War Trials
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Nazi/Japanese leaders on trial for
crimes against humanity
31 executed, hundreds put in prison
Cost of the War
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Total Dead – over 40 million (some
sources say as many as 70 million)
• ½ from the Soviet Union
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322,000 Americans died, 800,000
injured
11 million dead in Holocaust
• Over 6 million of them were Jews
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US Cost – $288,000,000,000
• Today this would be 4 trillion