Transcript The Second World War - Miami Beach Senior High School

The Second World War
Mr. Ermer
World History AP
Miami Beach Senior High
Path To War
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1920s: Hitler tells Germans they are destined
to rule “a land to the east”
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1935: Hitler creates an air force, starts draft
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This violates Treaty of Versailles
1936: Germany militarizes the Rhineland
Britain takes policy of “appeasement”
Hitler backs up Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia
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Starts preparing for war with Soviet Union
Both support Franco in Spanish Civil War
Germany signs anti-communist treaty with
Japan, Mussolini declares Berlin-Rome Axis
Nazis on the March
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1938: Germany annexes Austria
Hitler demands part of Czechoslovakia
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1939: Hitler takes the rest of western Czech
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Munich conf. grants Hitler the Sudetenland
Hitler also controls “independent” Slovakia
Hitler threatens Poland, Britain offers help
France and Britain begin to negotiate with
Joseph Stalin, know Soviets are powerful
enough to hold off Germany in E. Europe
Nazis and Communism
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To prevent a two front war (like WWI)
Hitler makes agreement with Stalin
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Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
Promises Stalin half of Poland and the Baltics
Hitler plans to take those lands back when he
attacks the Soviet Union anyway
September 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland
September 3, 1939: The United Kingdom
and France declare war on Germany
Japan’s Path To War
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September 1931: Japan seizes Manchuria
League of Nations condemns the attack
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Japanese begin to expand into N. China
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Japan pulls out of the League of Nations
China was in the middle of civil war
1936: Chiang Kai-shek (non-Communist)
joins forces with Communists against
Japanese, Japan takes capital of Nanjing
Chiang moves the government upriver
New Asian Order
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Japan wants the Chinese to join them in a
New Asian Order where Japan can lead all of
East Asia to prosperity, and power
Japan wants eastern Russia (Siberia)
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Japan and Germany join forces against USSR
Germany’s nonaggression pact with Stalin
makes Japan look south for resources
Japan invades SE Asia, Europe/US not happy
US imposes sanctions on Japan
Japan launches a surprise attack on US and
European targets in the Pacific/SE Asia
Japan At War
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December 7, 1941: Japan bombs Hawaii
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Also attack US Philippines and British Malaya
April 1942: Japan controls most of Asia
and western Pacific Ocean
Japan establishes a “community” in Asia
Japanese attacks unify Americans for war
Hitler declares war on the United States,
thinking the US will be distracted by Japan
Europe At War
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Europe is stunned by efficiency of Nazi army
Blitzkrieg: “lightning war” 300 tanks supported
by air and ground support
April 9, 1940: Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway
May 10: attack Netherlands, Belgium, France
June 22: France surrenders, Germans control
3/5 of France, set up puppet government
United States denounces Germany, stays out
of war—isolationism, but supplies UK with
weapons, food, planes, ships, supplies
The Battle of Britain
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August 1940: German Luftwaffe launches
air attack of Great Britain—military only
Radar provides British early warning
British bomb Berlin, Hitler unleashes brutal
air attack of British cities—London
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Allows Britain to quickly rebuild air force
Luftwaffe having trouble with new air force
Hitler postpones invasion of Britain
Attack on the Soviets
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Hitler thinks UK holding for hope of USSR
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Soviets did not have weapons like Germany
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Hitler expects Soviets to go down quick
Originally wanted to invade March 1941
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Hitler wants British gone, attacks Soviets
Mussolini’s failed invasion of Greece delays plans
Hitler invades USSR June 22, 1941
Germany advances quickly, but Soviets stop
them in early winter
Germans unprepared for Russian winter, fail
Battle of Stalingrad
New European Order & Holocaust
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When Germans conquered eastern Europe
they planned on killing Slavs and Jews and
repopulating the area with Germans
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Plans set in motion soon after taking over
Himmler plans on killing 30 million Slavs
1940: Germany uses 7 million slaves
Einsatzgruppen: Death squads, kill Jews
6 million Jews also killed in death squads
13 million orphaned children in Europe
New Asian Order
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Japan’s slogan: “Asia for the Asiatics”
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Resources used to benefit Japanese
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Puppet governments established
1944-45: over 1 million Vietnamese starve
Japanese regularly kill, rape, rob locals
Used captured people as slaves
Rebels coordinate with American forces
POWs forced into labor for Japanese
Mobilization of America
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WWII=more total war than WWI
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United States provides weapons to Allies
African Americans move north and west
looking for work, women go to work
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Even more women go to work in WWII
Causes tension among established residents
110,000 Asian Americans moved to
internment camps out east, take oath
New place for women and minorities,
leads to civil rights movement
Camp Miami Beach
The Allies Advance
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US, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress
military operations, not political differences
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1942: War turns against Germany, Japan
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Agree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender
Nov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans May ’43
Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at Stalingrad
June ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at Midway
Gen MacArthur begins offensive in Philippines
Combined Army, Marine and Navy “island hopping”
May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders
September 1943: Allies invade Italy
The European Theater
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After Allies take Sicily, King Victor Emanuel
III arrests Mussolini, freed by Germans
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June 6, 1944: D-Day; Allies invade France
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June 1944: Allies take Rome
Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower plans invasion of
Normandy’s beaches, then on to Germany
August ’44: Allies take Paris
March ’45: Allies cross into Germany
April ’45: Soviets enter Berlin, US not far away
April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide
May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders
The Asian Theater
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April 1945: US President Franklin Delano
Roosevelt, replaced by Harry S Truman
Allied forces approach Japanese homeland
Japanese refuse to surrender
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August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on
Japanese city Hiroshima
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Truman must decide to use new atomic bomb
Emperor refuses to surrender
Aug 9, 1945: second atom bomb dropped
on Nagasaki
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Japan Surrenders on August 14, 1945
Peace & A New War
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Allied victory brings tensions b/w powers
Cold War: United States and Soviet Union
enter period of ideological conflict
Tehran Conference: Meeting of the “Big
Three” Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
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Outlines final attack on Germany (1943)
Split Germany between, east and west, US-UK
forces and Soviet forces
Soviets would liberate eastern Europe
The Yalta Conference
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The Big Three meet in February 1945
Roosevelt seeks Soviet help with Japan
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All three join new United Nations
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Promises Japanese land to Stalin in exchange
First meeting set for April 1945 in San Francisco
After war Germany to be split into four
parts controlled by US, UK, USSR & France
Sides divided over setting free elections
Potsdam and New Struggles
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July 1945: Potsdam Conference, Germany
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President Truman replaces Roosevelt
Truman demands elections for Europe
Stalin refuses to allow them, knows better
 Soviets had lost more than other Allies
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Big Three agree to trials of Nazi war criminals
in Nuremberg Germany(1945-1946)
Churchill: “iron curtain has descended on
the continent” splitting Europe east/west