Transcript Chapter 28: Dictatorships and the Second World War

Chapter 28: Dictatorships and the
Second World War, 1919-1945
Pages 886-920
Lecture 1-Conservative
Authoritarianism and Radical
Totalitarian Dictatorships
• Fascist Governments
Conservative Authoritarianism and
Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships
• Totalitarianism
Conservative Authoritarianism and
Radical Totalitarian Dictatorships
• Characteristics of Communist
Dictatorships
• Characteristics of Fascist Dictatorships
Communism and Fascism
• Race and Eugenics
Refer to the photo’s above
1. In the Mussolini photo, what prominent
building is behind him?
2. Why does Mussolini want to be seen
near the Coliseum?
3. Who surrounds Stalin in the painting?
4. Why does Stalin have himself portrayed
with representatives of the different
Soviet ethnic groups?
From Lenin to Stalin
1. The New Economy Policy (NEP)
2. Lenin’s Succession
3. Stalin’s Triumph
The Five-Years Plans
• The First-Five Year Plan
• Collectivization and the Kulaks
The Five-Years Plans
• The Cost of Collectivization
• Industrialization
Life and Culture in Soviet Society
•
•
•
•
Daily Life
Personal Advancement
Women’s Roles
Politicized Culture
Stalinist Terror
• The Kirov Murder
Kirov murder
• The assassination of Sergei
Kirov in 1934 is one of the
great murder mysteries of
the 20th century and the
subject of a highly charged
historical controversy.
• Boss of the Leningrad Party
• one of Stalin’s inner circle
• shot by an unemployed
Communist Party member,
Leonid Nikolaev Dec., 1,
1934
• Stalin accused his former
party rivals…including
Trotsky
• Stalin claimed the
conspiracy ran deep into
the Communist Party &
would use this as an
excuse for terror
• Result…arrest & execution
of 17 party members
critical of Stalin
Great Purges
• Definition
• The Purges’ Mysterious Origins
Lecture 2-Benito Mussolini
• 1882-1945
• Who was he?!?
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
• The Seizure of Power
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
• The Matteotti Murder and its Aftermath
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
• The Lateran Agreement (1929)
Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
• Characteristics of Fascist Italy
Hitler and Nazism in Germany
• The Roots of National Socialism
– The Nazi Party
– The Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler’s Road to Power
• Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
3 goals: Lebensraum, master
Race, Fuhrer(dictatorial leader)
• The Nazi Seizure of Power
The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are dissatisfied.
Decadence of the Weimar Republic
Hitler and Nazi German
• The SA Purge
Hitler and Nazi German
• The Nuremberg Laws (1935)
Hitler and Nazi German
• Kristallnacht (November 9,1938)
Hitler and Nazi German
• The Volksgemeinschaft (People’s
Community)
• Gender
Hitler and Nazi German
• Appeasement
• The Munich Conference
What does this cartoon
illustrate?
Hitler and Nazi German
• The Hitler-Stalin Pact
Hitler-Stalin Pact
Hitler Stalin Pact
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
The “Pact of Steel”
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco Franco
The Spanish Civil War:
A Dress Rehearsal for WW II?
Italian troops in
Madrid
“Guernica”
by Pablo Picasso
Second World War-lecture 3
• German Victories in Europe
– 1939
– 1940
– 1941
Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939
Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 1940
The Tripartite Pact
Axis vs. Allies
• Axis
The Second World War
• The New Order
• The War of Annihilation
Holocaust
• Euthanasia
Holocaust
• Ghettos and Death Squads
Holocaust
• The Final Solution
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
August8-October 3
1940
British RAF
vs.
German Luftwaffe
The Royal Air Force
German Luftwaffe-Herman
Goering
British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
“… This was
our finest
hour.”
France Surrenders
June, 1940
A Divided France
Henri Petain
The French Resistance
The Free French
General Charles DeGaulle
Operation Barbarossa:
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
Operation Barbarossa:
June 22, 1941
code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union
named after Frederick Barbarossa
3,000,000 German soldiers.
3,400 tanks.
Operation Barbarossa
• Operation Barbarossa was based on a massive attack
based on blitzkrieg.
• History repeats itself??
The “Big Three”
Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
Battle of Stalingrad:
…
German Army
Russian Army
1,011,500 men
1,000,500 men
10,290 artillery guns
13,541 artillery guns
675 tanks
894 tanks
1,216 planes
1,115 planes
Second World War
• The “Hinge of Fate”
The North Africa Campaign:
The Battle of El Alamein, 1942
Gen. Ernst Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Gen. Bernard Law
Montgomery
(“Monty”)
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
German Prisoners
Higgins Landing Crafts
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for
D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
Major Claus von
Stauffenberg
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
1. Adolf Hitler
2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel
3. Gen Alfred von Jodl
4. Gen Walter Warlimont
5. Franz von Sonnleithner
6. Maj Herbert Buchs
7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz
8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein
9. Col Nikolaus von Below
10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss
11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant
12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured)
13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend
14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured)
Whatever
happened to
Mussolini??
He &
His Mistress,
Claretta Petacci
Are Hung in
Milan, 1945
Hitler Commits Suicide
April 30, 1945
Cyanide & Pistols
The Führer’s Bunker
Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
Allied Victory
• The Anglo-American Invasion
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
General Keitel
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
Japanese Empire and the War In the
Pacific
• Racial-Imperial Ambitions
Japanese Empire and the War In
the Pacific
• The Greater East Asia co-Prosperity
Sphere
Japanese Empire and the War In the
Pacific-begins text pg. 916
• The Japanese Offensives
Pacific Theater of Operations
Paying for the War
Allied Counter-Offensive:
“Island-Hopping”
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60
miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the
Philippines.
Farthest Extent
of Japanese Conquests
Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle:
First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers
US Marines on Mt. Surbachi,
Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]
Potsdam Conference:
July, 1945

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

FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.
Stalin only original.
The United States has the A-bomb.
Allies agree Germany
is to be divided into
occupation zones
 Poland moved
around to suit
the Soviets.
P.M. Clement
Atlee
President
Truman
Joseph
Stalin
The Manhattan Project:
Los Alamos,
NM
Major General
Lesley R. Groves
Dr. Robert
Oppenheimer
I am become
death,
the shatterer
of worlds!
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed
immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
© 40,000 killed
immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Allied Victory
• The War in the Pacific
Connect across
time!!
August 13, 2007