Transcript Cold War intro Power point

The Cold War
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has descended across the Continent.
Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states
of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin,
Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and
Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations
around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere,
and all are subject in one form or another, not only to
Soviet influence but to a very high and, in many
cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow…
-Winston Churchill
Teheran Conference, 1943
• Attended by: FRD, Churchill, Stalin
• Location: Teheran, Iran
• Decisions: agreement to open a second
battlefront in Europe; Soviet agreement to
enter war against Japan after defeat of
Germany; inconclusive discussion about
demilitarization and occupation of
Germany; outline of the “Four Policemen”
concept was developed.
• Underlying themes:
-FDR was unwilling or unable to see that
the powers held differing views of their
respective spheres of interest
-Stalin wanted to annex the Baltic states
and eastern and central Europe.
-Churchill was determined to retard the
growth of Soviet power on the Continent
and to resurrect the prewar British empire.
Yalta Conference, 1945
• Attended by: FDR, Churchill, Stalin
• Location: Yalta, Crimea, USSR
• Decisions: Germany was to be disarmed and
divided into four zones of occupation; United
Nations to be formed (Big Five: US, USSR,
Great Britain, France, & China); territorial
borders discussed, many concessions given to
the Soviet Union; USSR pledges to hold free
elections in Eastern Europe; war crimes trials to
be held after the war.
• Results:
-USSR was in physical possession of most
of eastern Europe and eastern Germany
-it would be as free to act unilaterally in its
occupation zones as the Western powers
were in theirs.
Potsdam Conference, July 1945
• Attended by: Truman, Stalin, Churchill /
Attlee
• Location: Potsdam, Germany
• Decisions: Potsdam Declaration…
unconditional surrender of Japan; set up a
council to administer Germany;
demographic shift of German people;
Stalin announces that there will be no
elections in eastern Europe.
http://www.opb.org/education/coldwar/berlincrisis/maps/
1945
• February 1945: The Big Three - Roosevelt, Stalin, and
Churchill - meet at Yalta Conference to plan policies for
dealing with Germany after the end of World War II.
• May 2, 1945: Soviet soldiers occupy Berlin.
• May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders, ending World War II
in Europe.
• June 5, 1945: Allied Supreme Command signs
agreement to divide Germany into four zones, each to be
occupied by one of the Allies. The USSR occupies the
eastern zone, Great Britain the northwestern zone,
France the western zone, and the U.S. the southwestern
zone.
• June 21, 1945: Stalin establishes new communistcontrolled government in Poland.
• June 26, 1945: United Nations charter is established.
• July 26, 1945: Potsdam Conference of Big Three
disputes how to handle post-war Europe.
• November 18, 1945: Bulgaria votes in a Communist
gov’t
1946
• January 11, 1946: A pro-Communist People's
Republic is proclaimed in Albania.
• January 31, 1946: A new Yugoslavian
constitution is patterned after the Soviet Union's.
• March 5, 1946: Churchill warns that an "Iron
Curtain" is being built across Europe, dividing
communist and non-communist nations.
• May 26, 1946: Communists win elections in
Czechoslovakia.
• June 30, 1946: Poland votes in a one-party
government and nationalizes industries.
• December 2, 1946: The U.S. and Great Britain
combine their occupation zones in Germany.
1947
• February 21, 1947: Truman asks Congress for $350
million for relief of destitute in liberated countries abroad.
• March 12, 1947: Truman asks for $400 million to help
Greece and Turkey hold firm against Communists. The
Truman Doctrine promises to help any nation threatened
by Communism.
• May 31, 1947: Pro-Communist government is installed in
Budapest, Hungary.
• June 5, 1947: The Marshall Plan provides economic aid
to help rebuild Europe. The U.S. spends $13 billion in aid
from 1948-1952.
• October 5, 1947: Communists from nine nations join
COMINTERN to defend themselves against what they
see as U.S. imperialism.
• December 31, 1947: Soviet-backed Communists take
over in Romania.