Transcript Japanese Expansion in the Pacific

WWII
1933-1945
New Deal Foreign Policy
 Latin America
 Pan-America Conference – 1933
 Agreed that no state has right to affairs of another
 Recognition of the Soviet Union
 1933 economic problems showed USSR was
not a threat
 US needed an ally against Japan
 Domestic Recovery before Foreign
 New Deal policies were isolationist
 US did not want to help the world until they
got their affairs in order
Japanese Expansion in the Pacific
 Reasons for expansion in the Pacific
 Large population growth
 Need for larger markets for products
 WWI
 Japan supported the Allies
 Used war to increase influence in China
 Washington Conference of 1921 cost Japan gains in
China and limited Navy
 September 1931
 Japan invaded Manchuria
 Ignored League of Nations
order to stop
Threats from Germany and Italy
 Adolf Hitler
 Voted into power day after FDR took office
 Conquer central and eastern Europe
 Benito Mussolini
 Conquer Mediterranean and expand Italy’s
empire to Africa
 Fascism and totalitarian
 Form of government
followed by Hitler and
Mussolini
 Leader has total power
Threats from Germany and Italy
 Blame Game
 Mussolini said communists caused strikes and
unrest
 Nazis blamed economic problems on Jews
 Both hinted a war to right wrongs of Treaty of
Versailles
 Attacks
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1935 – Mussolini attacked Ethiopia in Africa
1937 – Japanese invaded the rest of China
March 1938 – Hitler invaded Austria
1936 – 1939 – Germans and Italians helped get
control of a warring Spain
Bargaining for Peace
 Appeasement
 Great Britain and France were willing to do
whatever to avoid war
 Munich Conference of 1938
 Allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia
 Hitler agreed to stop invading
 Neutrality Acts
 Avoid arming other countries
 Make no loans
 Abandon neutrality on the seas
 Roosevelt did not agree
 Saw Germany, Italy, and Japan as “bad neighbors”
Europe at War Again
 Munich agreement failed to appease
Hitler
 Great Britain and France wanted to
stop Germany
 Asked Soviet Union for help
 1939 Soviets signed a nonaggression
pact with Germany
 Gave Germany one front to worry about
 Hitler was to invade Poland
Outbreak of War
 September 1, 1939 – German forces
invade Poland
 Attack coined “blitzkrieg”
 France and Great Britain declared war
 US would remain neutral
 However Roosevelt urged Congress to drop
Neutrality Acts’ arms
embargo
 Agreed, but only sold arms
on a cash and carry basis
Near Disaster at Dunkirk
 Fighting slowed down during winter
 Hitler launched an invasion of Norway and
Denmark
 Next they went to Netherlands and
Belgium
 Met resistance from French
and British
 Hitler’s army defeated Allies
at Dunkirk
 Allied army escaped by
crossing the English Channel
Battle of Britain
 June 1940 Italy invaded France
 Declared war on Great Britain
 FDR announced the US would extend
aid to the democracies
 June 22, 1940 – France Surrendered
 Germany moved focus on
Great Britain
 Winston Churchill emerged
as Prime Minister
 Pledged victory
America Abandons Neutrality
 Churchill asked US for a loan
 50 US destroyers
 FDR knew isolationists in Congress would
block
 Signed an executive order transferring ships
 In return for use of bases in Newfoundland and the
Caribbean
 1940 America First Committee was formed
 Large anti-war group
 Supported maintenance of the neutrality acts
 Great Britain was under constant attack
 Managed to fight off Germans
 Hitler abandoned his invasion plans
America Realizes Its Peril
 Fall of France and threat to Britain
made Atlantic seem narrow
 Congress began to heed Roosevelt’s
warnings
 Roosevelt’s Leadership Endorsed
 1940 Election
 Roosevelt felt he could not abandon
presidency
 Roosevelt won because voters did not
want a change in leadership
Aid to a Desperate Britain
 FDR wanted to abandon cash and carry
 Start lend-lease policy
 Britain would borrow or replace after the war
 Battle for the Atlantic
 Difficult to get supplies across in time to help
 Hitler ordered subs to starve Britain
 German U-boats were sinking US ships
 Congress allowed merchant ships to be armed
 Germany Turns on a Former Ally
 June 1941 Germany attacked Soviet Union
 US offered lend-lease aid to USSR as well
Aggression in the Pacific
 Japan was moving against European
colonies in SE Asia
 Region contained resources Japan
needed to extend industry
 Japan saw US as only threat left
 Embargo
 Sept. 1940 – Japan allied with Axis
 US cut off exports to Japan
 Offered to help them find raw materials
Appeal for Peace
 October 18, 1941 – Japanese Prime Minister
Konoye resigned
 Konoye was willing to work with the US
 General Hideki Tojo took over
 Favored war to eliminate US and British influence
 US tried to get Japan to honor 9-Power Treaty
 Met in Washington D.C. in November
 Negotiations deadlocked
 November 26, 1941
 Japanese fleet was put to sea to attack at Pearl
Harbor
The United States at War
 December 7, 1941
 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, HI with little
warning
 Destroyed much
 Killed and wounded 4500 people
 Draft went into effect
 Many were ready to
fight
 First time government
recognized conscientious
objector as a legal status
 Given other menial tasks to complete
The World at War
 Japanese Victories in the Pacific
 Won many victories
 Captured Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Singapore,
Thailand
 German Success in Europe
 Axis forces occupied nearly all of Europe
 Africa – German General Rommel led ItalianGerman forces toward Suez Canal
 Germans were deep in Soviet Union in 1942
 US would focus on defeating Hitler first
 Bigger threat as Nazi sympathizers were strong in Latin
America
Turning Point of the War
 Germany launched a 2nd attack on Soviets in
1942
 Stalin pleaded for a western invasion
 Take pressure off Soviets
 Soviets held strong at Stalingrad for four months
 Stalin would never forgive
US and GB for the
casualties his men endured
 Winter took hold, Stalin
utilized harsh conditions
 Forced Germany to
surrender
German Weak Point Exposed
 North Africa
 Initially US and British forces worked apart
 Major Gen. Patton – US
 Gen. Montgomery – British
 Worked together to push Rommel out
 His men surrendered
 August 1943 forces took Sicily
 September they invaded Italy
 Mussolini was overthrown
 New Italian government surrendered
 German Axis forces remained in Italy
Victory in Europe
 Normandy Invasion
 June 6, 1944
 D-Day invasion was planned for two years
 Under command of Gen. Eisenhower
 Soon a million Allied forces were in France
 Rapidly advancing
across Europe
 Soviets were also
rapidly advancing
from the East
Germany Surrenders
 December 1944 – Hitler ordered a Belgium
counterattack
 The Battle of the Bulge
 Crossed Rhine into Germany
 Soviets took Berlin
 April 1945 – Hitler
committed suicide
 May 7, 1945 –
Germany surrenders
 FDR died days before
Hitler’s suicide
 Cerebral hemorrhage
War in the Pacific
 May 1942 – US defeated Japanese fleet in the
Battle of the Coral Sea
 First major allied victory came at Midway
Island
 Slowed Japanese advancement
 Ended Japanese naval superiority in the Pacific
 Allies started island
hopping
 Capture key islands
 Use them as bases to
attack more Japanese
islands
Guadalcanal
 August 1942
 Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands
 Fought for six months before Japan’s resistance
came to an end
 Japan failed to realize industrial power of US
 17 of 19 ships sunk at Pearl Harbor were returned
to duty in one year
 Gen. MacArthur landed in the Philippines in
1944
 Continued island hopping
 Admiral Nimitz matched operations in Central
Pacific
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
 1945 Japanese lost two strong island outposts
 March 1945 US took Iwo Jima
 Suffered 20,000 casualties
 June 1945 US took Okinawa
 Had to fight off Japanese kamikazes
 War in Europe was over
 Soviets agreed to fight off Japan in Manchuria
 US was bombing Japan for over a year from
bases in the ocean
 Japan still refused to surrender
 US did not want to invade Japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 The Manhattan Project
 Code name for the development of the A-bomb
 First tested in New Mexico in July 1945
 Japanese government rejected Truman’s
warning
 August 6 – bomb dropped on Hiroshima
 August 9 – bomb dropped on Nagasaki
 Bombs killed 150,000 Japanese
 Japanese emperor surrendered on September
2, 1945