Transcript Pearl Harbor to 1944

• Bell-Ringer 2/23/10
• Why do you think FDR wanted to
stay out of the war? How could
entering the war benefit the United
States?
Claimed war with America inevitable, and that we
were past a peace treaty deadline.
• Japanese wanted to “neutralize”
American naval power near the
Pacific.
• Japan was at war with China at the
time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• The US and Japan began breaking
off negotiations before the attack.
• After the United States cut off
Japan’s oil and resource supply, they
decided to use force to gain US
resources and power.
Commander in charge of the attack.
Planned and Plotted the raid on Pearl Harbor.
The Morning of
December 7, 1941
• Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor (in Oahu) just
before 8 AM
• A second wave of attacks came at 8:55 AM
• All attacks were over by 9:55 AM
• Japanese planes headed back to Japan by 1:00 that
afternoon
• USS Ward was the first to spot a Japanese midget
submarine, attacking and destroying it, hours before
the air attack on Pearl Harbor
USS Arizona
• USS Arizona was hit
ten minutes into the
attack.
• The ship was literally
ripped open from the
sides
• 1,300 people die
aboard the ship
• 1,177 of those people
actually died inside the
ship and sank with it
• Arizona burned for two
days
USS Oklahoma
• During
the attack
Oklahoma
was hit by
a number
of
Japanese
Type 91
aerial
torpedoes
• It rapidly
rolled
over and
sank with
a loss of
400 crew
members
• Live
Story
USS West Virginia
• Ship was hit by at least nine torpedoes
• Crew members saved the ship from
capsizing
USS California
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USS California was hit by torpedoes early in the attack
Despite strong and durable design, the ship did not survive the
attack
The ship was raised in 1942
Nearly a hundred of the ship’s crew were lost on December 7
The Aftermath
• 2403 Americans were killed in the attack
• 1178 Americans were wounded
• Five out of the eight battleships on Pearl
Harbor sunk and the remaining ships were
damaged
• 188 American planes were destroyed
• On December 7, Japan also attacked Hong
Kong, Guam, and Malaya
The forward superstructure and Number Two 14" gun turret of the
sunken USS Arizona afire after the attack.
USS Maryland alongside the
capsized USS Oklahoma.
Fire and smoke pour from the Arizona (right) and West Virginia (left).
USS Shaw
explodes
US Enters WWII
• FDR requests that Congress to
declare war with Japan on December
8, 1941
• Only one Congresswoman, Jeannette
Rankin, voted against the war with
Japan
• “I ask that the Congress declare that
since the unprovoked and dastardly
attack by Japan on Sunday,
December 7, 1941, a state of war has
existed between the United States and
the Japanese Empire.”
FDR’s Speech to Congress
Speculation
• There is speculation that President Roosevelt had
knowledge of the attack before hand, and used it
as a decoy to enter the US into the war and end the
Depression WWII.
• Because of an 80% disapproval rate of the
entering the war, it is said that FDR provoked
Japan to attack Pearl Harbor.
• In later years this aroused many Americans that
strongly believe in our government to question its’
motives.
American Plans For WWII
Germany: The most dangerous of the enemies and we
would try to knock them out of the war.
Blitzkrieg: Lightning War
Japan: Use the Marines and Navy to fight a defensive war
and when we gain an advantage “Island Hop” to Japan.
Fight to the death for the emperor
US. troops surrender to the Japanese in the Philippine
Islands. The total of 11,500 Americans and Filipinos
became POWs. POWs from Corregidor and Bataan were
among the worst treated.
1942
The Bataan Death March continues with Americans carrying
comrades who have collapsed along the road from a total lack of
food and water. Over 5,000 Americans died on the march which
began April 10 and lasted six days for some and up to twelve days
for others.
APRIL 1942
Allied POWs with hands tied behind their backs pause
during the Bataan Death March. About 76,000 prisoners
including 12,000 Americans were forced on the 60 mile
march under a blazing sun without food or water toward
a new POW camp in the Philippines.
With only 450 feet of 'runway,' one of sixteen Army B25 Mitchell bombers takes off from the deck of the USS
HORNET on its way to take part in the first U.S.
bombing raid on Japan.
THE DOLITTLE RAID!!!!
April 18, 1942.
Battle of Midway
One of the Turning
Points
Description
• June 4th, 1942
• Decisive naval
battle of WWII
• Fought in the air
and water:
Japan lost naval
superiority in the
Pacific.
Goals/Plans
• Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto wanted to destroy
the U.S. Pacific Fleet’s aircraft carrier forces
• His plan was to knock down Midway’s defenses
and then invade the other two small islands and
make them Japanese air bases
• Yamamoto’s plan is to attack Midway on June
4th. That would force the Americans to battle
with their fleet around the 7th
• From midway Japan could invade Hawaii.
Admiral Isoroku
Yamamoto
• Commanded the combined fleet
before the outbreak of he Pacific
war
• Responsible for planning the
attack on Pearl Harbor and most
of the other operations during his
time
• He said that it was his fault and
his alone
• After Pearl Harbor: “I fear that
we have awaken a sleeping
giant.”
Admiral Chester W.
Nimitz
• Commander of pacific
fleet
• Led/directed forces at
Midway
George Gay
• Only survivor of
torpedo 8
• He watched the
whole battle while
floating out at sea
Mr. Gay
Hiryu
(Hit and torpedoed)
Kaga
(Sunk)
Akagi
(Hit and torpedoed)
Soryu
(Sunk)
Hornet
Enterprise
Yorktown
(Towed and then
torpedoed)
United States vs. Japan
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Japan
4 carriers: 272
airplanes
2 light carriers: 41
airplanes
2 battleships (Yamato)
5 cruisers
8 destroyers
Transport/supply ships
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United States
3 carriers: 233
airplanes
8 cruisers
15 destroyers
115 old planes on
Midway
What happened
• Nagumo launched 108 planes for his first attack
• The American fighters sent out to meet them
didn’t help much
• Nagumo thought another air attack on Midway
would probably be necessary
• Midway counterattacks: don’t do much damage
to them though and they dropped bombs too soon
• Nagumo has to wait to regain fuel and for the rest
of his wave
• The American air wave comes with torpedoes
but they do not succeed
• The Americans from the Task 16 and 17 take off
• They hit the Japanese hard and while they were
refueling
• The Akagi exploded
• McClusky leads his squadron and attacks the
carrier Kaga, which sets on fire
• Captain Leslie damages the carrier Soryu
• The Hiryu sends out its airplanes, which hit the
Yorktown with 2 bombs, but then are all shot
down
• Since the Yorktown has to reduce speed, the
Japanese find it and torpedo it
• McClusky sends his planes out for the Hiryu
Statistics-Casualties
Japanese
• Lost 4 fleet carriers
• Lost 2,500 men
United States
• Only lost 1 fleet
carrier
• Lost 307 men
Results of BATTLE!!!
• United States victory
• Ended Japanese advance in the pacific Ocean
• THE TURNING POINT IN THE WAR.
JUNE, 1942
A periscope photo of a torpedoed Japanese destroyer.
Men and Supplies
European Theater 1942:
• German
attack on Stalingrad begins. It will be
one of the turning points in the war.
• Allied invasion of North Africa begins in
"Operation Torch“. The American gain a foothold
in Europe.
• June 22,1941 Germany invaded.
• Hitler wanted Stalingrad because it
carried Stalin’s name.
• Stalin turned it into a symbol of
resistance.
The Red Army
• Snipers were common among the rubble.
• Russian slogan was, “Not a Step Back.”
• Under command of Vasily Chuikov.
• At least 13,000 Russian troops were executed or
sent to labor camps for punishment.
• Commanded by
Friedrich Paulus.
• Called the fighting on
the
street“Rattenkrieg”
(rat-war).
• Pushed forward at all
costs.
• Many soldiers died of
frostbite.
• Only a quarter of the
food promised was
given out, soldiers
were reduced to eating
dead bodies.
• No medics wounded
were left behind to
die.
• German army
advanced on
Stalingrad.
• Before advance into
the city Germans
bombed city killed
thousands.
• 80% of living space
was destroyed.
• In November, after 3 months of fighting, Germans
captured riverbank, and had 90% of the city.
• This divided Soviet troops into 2 pockets.
• Soviets counter-attacked in the North hitting the
weak, poorly-trained Romanian army.
• Broke Romanian line within a day.
• Soviet troops then formed ring around city
trapping all enemy forces inside.
• Hitler declared that they wouldn’t leave the city.
• Called for supply of army by the Luftwaffe
(failed miserably).
• German forces starved with little ammo.
• Soviets closed in and German forces surrendered
on Feb 2, 1943
• Hunted with his grandfather
when he was four and given
a rifle at twelve.
• When war began he was 26.
• German sniper was sent to
kill him. In the first day 2
soviet snipers were killed by
this new sniper.
• Vassily had 225 kills by the
end of battle.
While the Allied troops fought in Africa,
FDR held a conference in Casablanca,
Morocco on 1943 and decided: