Transcript World War l, The Great Depression, War & Peace

Texas History
Chapter 21, 22, 23
World War l,
Great Depression,
War & Peace
International Affairs
 Mexican
Revolution was
a concern for
Texans
 Pancho Villa
led a raid on
Columbus, NM
U.S. Troops Enter Mexico
President Wilson
sent General
Pershing to
pursue Pancho
Villa
 Pancho Villa was
NEVER
CAPTURED

U.S. Enters WW1

German
submarines
sinking ships
carrying American
passengers
caused President
Wilson to bring
the U.S. into the
“Great War.”
Germany Makes Offer to Mexico
 German
diplomat
promised to help
Mexico regain
Texas, Arizona and
New Mexico if
Mexico would
support Germany in
WW1.
Anti-German Feelings
 Some
schools
discontinued
German classes
because people
had anti-German
feelings.
Texas Mobilizes for War
Mexicans living in
Texas were not
required to serve
in the U.S. military.
 Many volunteered
anyway and were
honored for
bravery in battle.

Texas Mobilizes for War

Texas was an ideal location for military bases
because of its mild climate and wide open
spaces.
 Army established training camps at Houston,
Ft. Worth, Waco and San Antonio
Texas Mobilizes for War
 The
largest
flight training
school in the
world was
located at
Camp Kelly in
San Antonio.
“Do Your Bit”
Slogan on WW1
posters
 Texans helped the
war effort by giving
to the Red Cross
and rationing food.
 200,000 Texans
served in the military

Texas Women
 Women
helped
the war effort by
becoming
factory workers.
 Still, struggle for
equality was
only partially
successful.
Struggle for Equality
 Women
got less
pay than men
for doing the
same job
 Minority women
were limited to
low-paying jobs
Struggle for Equality
African American
soldiers: less
prejudice in Europe
 Minorities still
found
discrimination and
prejudice in Texas
when they returned
home from war

Struggle for Equality
 Not
until 1944,
did the U.S.
Supreme Court
rule that allwhite Texas
primaries were
not legal.
Economy in 1920s
After the war,
cotton prices fell.
 People began to
leave the farm and
rural life for the
city to find jobs
 Rural: country
life, agriculture

Texas in the 1920s
“Horse and Buggy”
era came to an end
 Women became
involved in politics
 Football became
popular sport in
high school and
college

Great Depression Begins
 Crop
prices
decreased
 People went
into debt
 Unemployment
rose
Texas in the Great Depression
Farmers’ incomes
fell
 Many people
could not afford to
pay for food
 Mexican
immigration
decreased

New Deal Begins
Roosevelt began new
programs to deal with
problems from Great
Depression
 “Alphabet agencies”
were created by the
New Deal

Works Progress Administration
 WPA was
one
agency created
to supply mostly
construction
jobs for
unemployed
workers
Texas Celebrates Centennial
 1936:
main
celebration of
the Centennial
was held at Fair
Park in Dallas
Politics in 1930s
 Mexican
Americans
began to fight
for rights
 LULAC: League
of United Latin
American
Citizens
Dictators Come to Power
 Military
leaders
took control in
Germany, Italy,
and Japan.
 Axis powers
agreed by treaty
not to attack
each other.
Allied Powers V. Axis Powers
 Allied
countries included Great
Britain, France, Russia, and later,
the U.S.
Roosevelt Aids Allies
Franklin D.
Roosevelt was the
U.S. President during
WWll.
 Lend-Lease Act: U.S.
lent military
equipment to the
Allies, or countries
fighting Axis powers

Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor
“A day
that will live in
infamy”
 U.S. declared
war against
Japan because
of the attack on
Pearl Harbor
 FDR:
Texans Respond
Doris Miller: Waco hero of Pearl Harbor
 Chester Nimitz: Commander of Pacific fleet

Texans Respond
Dwight Eisenhower: Commanded the
Allied forces in Europe
 Audie Murphy: most decorated soldier

Texans Respond

Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
commanded by Oveta Culp Hobby
Texans Respond
Texans sacrificed
during WWll by
rationing sugar
and planting
victory gardens
 Cities conducted
blackouts to
protect against air
attacks

Texans Respond
 To
prevent
German subs from
attacking tankers
in the Gulf of
Mexico, scientists
constructed
underground
pipelines
Population Boom
Texas experienced
population growth
because of wartime
employment
opportunities
 War presented new
employment
opportunities for
women &
minorities

Holocaust
 Holocaust:
Nazis’ mass
murder of
European Jews
 Jews were the
chief victims of
the Holocaust
Prisoners of War in Texas
Many prisoner of war camps housed
Japanese, German, and Italian
prisoners
 Prisoners worked in agricultural.

GI Bill of Rights
 Returning
soldiers were
aided in getting
a college
education by the
GI Bill of
Rights
Axis Powers Conquered
The U.S. left an
army of occupation
in axis territories
after their defeat.
 Army of
occupation:
military force that
remains in a
conquered land

Post-WWll
 After
WWll, the
U.S. was
committed to
stopping the
spread of
communism
Communism

Communism:
political theory that
includes eliminating
private property

After the war, Soviet
Union set up
communist
dictatorships in North
Korea and in
Eastern Europe
Cold War
The Cold War heated
up when North Korea
invaded South Korea
 Cold War: a time of
smaller, localized
hostilities.
 U.S. soon found itself
again at war.

Good Luck on Your Test!
 Audie
Murphy:
most decorated
soldier of World
War ll, movie
actor, author,
hero

http://www.audiemurphy.com/