Transcript CHAPTER 9 - THE POSTWAR WORLD

Chapter 9
The Postwar World
Lesson 1:
The World is Divided
Europe and Japan After the
War
 World War II caused a lot of damage.
 Many European cities were left in ruin
 Many people found themselves
without food or clothing
 Many had no place to live
 There was little money for rebuilding
Aggressor
person or nation that
starts a war


Europe and Japan After the
War
 Japan adopted a democratic form of
government and became an ally of the
United States
Meeting in the Soviet Union
 Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill held a
meeting to decide on what to do with
Europe.
 the Soviet Union took over most of
Eastern and Central Europe including
eastern Germany, Finland, and Poland.
Meeting in the Soviet Union
 The United States agreed to put
advisors in western Germany and
Japan to help their recovery
 The Soviet Union and the United
States became the worlds most
powerful nations
 They were now superpowers
The Marshall Plan
 A plan was devised for the United States to
help countries in need.
 The United States would offer assistance
with funds, food and materials
 This plan of recovery to help others after
World War II was called The Marshall
Plan
The United Nations
 In April 1945, representative from 50 states
met in San Francisco, California
 They wanted to promote global cooperation
to try and keep terrible wars in the future.
 They formed the United Nations (UN)
Communism
 a political and economic system in which
the government owns all of the businesses
and land. Individuals have little personal
freedom.
 The Soviet Union is controlled by a
communist government
Differences
 the United States had a democratic
government that promoted personal
freedoms
 The West valued human rights and wanted
to work for peace
 The Soviet Union did not share the same
ideals There were two many differences
 ideology - beliefs
The Iron Curtain
 a term used to describe the closing off of
the Soviet Union.
 a line that divides that part of Europe that is
communist with the part of Europe that is
noncommunist
NATO
 Truman worked to strengthen the nations of Western
Europe
 One way was the Marshall Plan
 Another way was the formation of a military alliance with
the nations of Western Europe.
 This alliance was called the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
 The countries of NATO promised to help each other if
their was an attack by the Soviet Union
The Berlin Airlift
 Berlin, the capital of Germany was also divided and in
order to control west Berlin all traffic into West Berlin was
stopped. No food was allowed in. The soviets even cut off
electricity. Stalin hopped to bring the entire city under
communist control
 The Americans and British would not allow the West
Berliners to starve and they had food and fuel Airlifted into
Berlin.
 The Blockade was lifted in May 1949, but the Soviets kept
East Berlin closed off from West Berlin
Cold War
 A struggle between the noncommunist west
and the communist east led to the Cold
War
 There was no direct attacking of one country by another.
 It was waged all over the world sometimes with words,
and money and sometimes with weapons.
Propaganda
 A systematic effort to spread opinions or
beliefs
 A key element of the Cold War
 Radio Free America would broadcast
messages to people behind the Iron Curtain
that were lies.
Lesson 2:
Boom Years at Home
A Growing Economy
 In the late 1940s and 1950s, industries that
had produced war materials now turned
their resources into producing consumer
goods
 The economy became strong as consumers
bought more goods
 As consumers bought more goods
industries grew which created new jobs
Suburbs
 The housing market had slowed down
during the war.
 Now, builders bought land on the outskirts
of cities and built affordable family houses.
 Suburbs, communities near the edge of a
city, could be found all over the country
The Changing Workplace
 Improvements came in the way of health care,
retirement plans, and shorter work hours.
 1950, union memberships increased as more jobs
were created
 AFL-CIO – The American Federation of Labor
and the Congress of Industrial Organizations
merged
 This merger brought together 85 percent of all
American Union members and became the largest
labor organization in the nation
G.I. Bill
 The United States wanted to help veterans
returning home from the war because of all they
had done
 On June 22, 1944 – President Franklin D.
Roosevelt signed the G.I. Bill of Rights
 This law provided benefits to help veterans
succeed in civilian society
Consumer Credit
 credit used to buy goods that are consumed or
used up such as food and clothing rather than for
investments
 paid back with monthly payments
 Credit Card – allows the card owner to charge
goods and services along with an extra fee, over a
period of time
Commute

The trip they needed to travel to work
 New highways built with tax money
were crowded with automobiles going
into and out of the cities on a daily
basis.
Lesson 3:
Cold War Conflicts
The Korean War
 In 1950, the Cold War turned violent in North
Korea and South Korea.
 North Korea established a communist government
with the support of the Soviet Union.
 June 25th, 1950 North Korean forces invaded
South Korea. They wanted to unite the country
under a communist government.
 South Koreans did not want to be communist
The Korean War
 The United Nations wanted North Korea
to withdraw their troops, but the invasion
continued.
 Truman sent troops to protect South Korea.
He did not want them to fall under Soviet
control
 The Korean War begins
The Red Scare
 Some people liked the idea of
communism.
 By 1919 the American Communist Party
contained 70,000 members.
 Red – was the official color of the
Communist Party
 This caused many Americans to panic. The
Red Scare was used to describe this panic
The Arms Race
 A race to build more and better weapons
than your enemy
 Both the United States and the Soviet
Union built atomic bombs These bombs
were also known as nuclear weapons
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 In 1959, Fidel Castro led a successful
revolution in Cuba.
 Castro developed a communist government
 Cuba became the first communist nation in
the Western Hemisphere
 John F. Kennedy, elected President in
1960, spent much of his time dealing with
Cold War conflicts
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 this was one of these most dangerous conflicts
 American spy planes discovered that the Soviets were
setting up nuclear missiles in Cuba – just 90 miles from the
coast of Florida.
 Kennedy insisted that the Soviets remove their missiles
from Cuba
 Kennedy declared that the Navy would block Soviet ships
from bringing any more weapons to Cuba
 It looked like the world’s two superpowers were moving
closer to nuclear war
The Cuban Missile Crisis

the Soviets agreed to remove their
missiles from Cuba
 Both American and Soviet Leaders
realized how close they came to
fighting a disastrous war.
Question 1
Why was Hitler’s rise to
power dangerous for
countries bordering
Germany?
Answer to Question 1

Hitler promised to
expand Germany’s
boundaries.
Question 2
Why do you think
Germans were attracted to
Hitler’s claim that they
were better than other
people?
Answer to Question 2

They had been humiliated by
their defeat in World War I
and also due to the economic
crisis they needed something
to believe in
Question 3
Why was the rise of
dictators a cause for
concern in the 1930’s?
Answer to Question 3

Because dictators threatened
the peace of other countries
since they wanted to gain
territory by conquering other
countries.
Question 4
List three events that led to
the start of World War II.
Answer to Question 4
 Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan joined
together
 Axis powers began to invade and take
over other countries
 Germany ignored threats of war and
invaded Poland
Question 5
Why did many Americans
support isolationism when
World War II began?
Answer to Question 5

Many people still
remembered World War I
and wanted to avoid
armed conflict
Question 6
Why do you think Japan
decided to strike the base
at Pearl Harbor?
Answer to Question 6

The ships at Pearl Harbor were
close enough to Japan that it was
likely that the ships would become
involved in any fighting against
Japan.
Question 7
How did the United States
government respond to the
attack on Pearl Harbor?
Answer to Question 7

The United States government
quickly went to war against Japan
Question 8
Why did the United States
send military supplies to
the Soviet Union?
Answer to Question 8

The Soviet Union came under
attack by the Germans and
therefore became one of the allies.
Question 9
What kind of supplies did
the United States send to
the Soviet Union under the
Lend-Lease program?
Answer to Question 9

Trucks, radios, boots, and canned
meat
Question 10
Why did the United States
need to draft millions of
soldiers?
Answer to Question 10

The United States did not have
the troops needed to fight the war.
LESSON 2:
THE HOME FRONT
Question 1
Why was American
Industry important to the
Allied war effort?
Answer to Question 1

It gave the Allies the military
equipment that they needed in
their war effort
Question 2
In what sense did the
outbreak of World War II
help the United States?
Answer to Question 2

It brought about the end to the
Great Depression
Question 3
Between which two years
was the largest drop in
unemployment in the
United States?
Answer to Question 3

Between 1941 and 1942
Question 4
What new opportunities
did women have during
World War II?
Answer to Question 4
serve in the military
 work outside of their home in
factories
to participate in professional
baseball.

Question 5
How did Americans
respond to food shortages
during the war?
Answer to Question 5
 Americans rationed food and
planted gardens
Question 6
Why was technology an
important tool in World
War II?
Answer to Question 6
 It gave the allies the military
equipment they needed for their
war effort
LESSON 3: The World at War
Question 1
How did Navajo Code
Talkers use language to
save lives?
Answer to Question 1
 Code talkers were able to use
their languages to communicate
secretly on the battlefield. This
helped American forces in battle
Question 2
Looking at the map on
page 358, what major
battle took place in Africa?
Answer to Question 2
 El Alamein
Question 3
What advantages did the
Allies gain by knowing the
location of the enemy’s
aircraft carriers?
Answer to Question 3
 Knowing the location enabled the
Allies to put enough forces in
place to destroy the aircraft
carriers
Question 4
Why was the Battle of
Midway a major turning
point in World War II?
Answer to Question 4
 It prevented the Japanese from
continuing to conquer territory in
the Pacific and it allowed the U.S.
Navy to go on the attack.
Question 5
What effect did the battle
of Stalingrad have on the
city?
Answer to Question 5
 It left the city completely
destroyed
Question 6
What role did General
George S. Patton play in
the Battle of the Bulge?
Answer to Question 6
 Helped lead the allies to victory
Question 7
Looking at page 360,
summarize the events of
June 6, 1944.
Answer to Question 7
 The allies launched a major
invasion of Europe landing on the
Beaches of Normandy in the early
morning hours.
By nightfall they had captured the
beaches
Question 8
What major decision did
President Truman face in
1945? What did he decide?
Answer to Question 8
 Truman faced the decision of
whether to use the atomic bomb
against the Japanese.
 He decided to do so
Question 9
Why did Anne Frank have
to go into hiding in 1942?
Answer to Question 9
 The Nazis were arresting Jews
and sending them to
concentration camps
Question 10
What happened to the
Franks family after their
hiding place was
discovered?
Answer to Question 10
 The Franks were arrested
 They were sent to a
concentration camp
 Anne Frank died in the camp