Transcript 14. Nazi Germany - The Collapse of Nazism - kings

Nazi Germany
The Collapse of Nazism
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Learning objectives
Learning objectives
What we will learn in this presentation:
What were Hitler’s early successes in the Second
World War?
How did the Battle of Britain, the battle for the
USSR and the battle for Germany bring about the
fall of Nazism?
What happened to the Nazis, Germany, and the
wider world following the collapse of Hitler's
regime in 1945?
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Introduction: Blitzkrieg
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The plan to invade Britain
After the fall of France, Hitler was keen to defeat Britain –
the only country still at war with Germany.
His plan of attack, Operation Sea Lion, aimed to destroy
the RAF in preparation for a seaborne invasion from France.
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The Battle of Britain
However, by September the
Luftwaffe had still not succeeded
in destroying the RAF.
Photograph
courtesy of the
Imperial War
Museum,
London.
Operation Sea Lion was called
off on 17 September.
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The battle for the USSR
By the summer of 1940, Hitler’s attention was being drawn
away from Britain, and towards the Soviet Union.
Despite signing the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939, Hitler had
always intended to invade the USSR to gain more
‘lebensraum’ (living space). According to Nazi racial
doctrine, the USSR was populated by ‘inferior’ Russians,
Eastern Europeans and Jews, so Germany had every right
to take their land for the Aryans.
Besides, Hitler had always hated Communism, and
Russia had vast oil reserves that Germany could exploit.
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Operation Barbarossa
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The Eastern Front
The German campaign in Russia dragged on until
1944, with incredible suffering on both sides.
The Battle of Stalingrad ended with the capture of
500,000 German soldiers after Hitler refused to allow them
to retreat.
The Siege of Leningrad which lasted from 1941 to 1944
resulted in the deaths of almost 1 million Russians (one
third of the city’s population), many from starvation.
In 1942 Hitler told his tank commander General Heinz
Guderian that feelings of pity and sympathy for his
soldiers had to be shut out. Soldiers were a necessary
sacrifice in the ‘heroic struggle’.
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The battle for Germany
By 1944, the tide had turned decisively against Germany.
The USSR was attacking Germany from the east, whilst
Britain (now aided by the USA) was attacking from the
West following the successful D-Day landings in France.
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The defeat of Nazi Germany
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The defeat of Nazi Germany
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The defeat of Nazi Germany
Which was the most significant turning point
of the war:
(a) The Battle of Britain
(b) the battle for the USSR
(c) the battle for Germany?
Explain your answer carefully.
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After the war: the Nazis
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After the war: the Nazis
What do you think about
the fate of the Nazi
leaders?
Do you think that the Allies…
were too lenient?
were too harsh?
treated the Nazis fairly?
Photograph courtesy of the Imperial War Museum, London.
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After the war: Germany
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After the war: the wider world
After World War II, the international community was
horrified to discover the true scale of Nazi atrocities against
the Jews.
So in 1947, the United Nations declared that the Jewish
people should be given their own legitimate homeland. It
was to be situated in Palestine, where the ancient Jewish
Kingdom of Israel had been.
However, the Muslim Arab peoples who already lived in
the area refused to accept this decision.
This gave rise to the Arab-Israeli conflict which
continues to pose a serious threat to world peace today.
The USA gives strong support to Israel while the Arab
world supports the Palestinians.
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Plenary
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