Transcript World War II The Pacific

World War II
The Pacific
Turning Points in the War
North Africa Invasion: November 1942
Invasion of Italy: September 1943
Normandy Invasion: June 6, 1944
Battle of the Bulge: Dec 1944- Jan 1945
Okinawa: April 1945 and Saipan: June 1945
Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 1945
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War in the Pacific
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U.S. troops surrender to the Japanese in the
Philippine Islands, May 6, 1942. A total of 11,500
Americans and Filipinos became POWs.
War in the Pacific
Battle of the Coral Sea: May 7-8, 1942 American
naval forces stopped the Japanese and saved
Australia from invasion.
Australia was called the Great Britain in the Pacific.
First battle that opposing ships did not come within
sight of each other.
AIR POWER!!
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North Africa: Operation Torch
Background:
The Soviet Union pressed the United States and
Britain to start operations in Europe, and open a
second front to reduce the pressure of German
forces on the Russian troops.
American commanders favored landing in
occupied Europe as soon as possible but British
commanders believed that such a move would
end in disaster.
An attack on French North Africa was proposed.
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North Africa: Operation Torch
The battle for North Africa was a struggle for
control of the Suez Canal and access to oil from
the Middle East and raw materials from Asia.
The Goal: clear the Axis Powers from North
Africa, improve naval control of the
Mediterranean Sea, and prepare an invasion of
Southern Europe.
The Allied invasion of French North Africa,
Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, started on
November 8, 1942 and ended May, 1943
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North Africa
The Germans were also fighting in North Africa.
The Afrika Korps under General Erwin Rommel broke
through British lines in Egypt and advanced on
Alexandria.
By the fall of 1942, the war had turned against the
Germans.
In the summer of 1942, the British in North Africa had
stopped the Germans at El Alamein.
The Germans retreated.
In November, British and American forces invaded
French North Africa and forced the German and Italian
troops to surrender by May.
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The Second Battle of El Alamein
October 23 – November 4, 1942
General Bernard
Montgomery
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The British 8th
Army under
General Bernard
Montgomery
defeats Axis army
at the Second
Battle of El
Alamein
General Erwin Rommel,
The “Desert Fox”
Winston Churchill said of this victory: "This is not the
end, nor is it even the beginning of the end, but it is,
perhaps, the end of the beginning."
He also wrote "Before Alamein, we had no victory and
after it we had no defeats".
Germans in USSR-Eastern Front
What: Stalingrad
major Soviet industrial center on the Volga River,
and main transportation route.
Goal: Hitler believed that with the fall of the city,
Russia would collapse and he would get his hands
on the oil fields in Caucasus.
Stalin believed that since the city bore his name it
was a personal and symbolic matter to push the
Nazis out.
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Germans in USSR
Battle of Stalingrad
November 23, 1942-February 2, 1943
The Russians surrounded the Germans and cut
off their supply lines.
The Germans were forced to surrender.
They lost some of their best troops.
Hitler realized that he would not defeat the Soviet
Union
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Japanese Internment
As a result of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor:
Japanese internment was the forced relocation and
confinement by the United States government of
Approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans living
along the Pacific coast of the US. These people were
moved to camps called "War Relocation Camps,"
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Japanese Internment
Japanese in the U.S.-History
Issei-1st generation
Nissei-2nd generation
Most “Issei” arrived in the U.S 1885-1921
Most lived in Hawaii or W Coast
Most worked in the agricultural sector
FDR passes Executive Order #9066 on Feb.
19th,1942
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The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943
General
George S. Patton
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The Italian
Campaign
Europe’s
“Soft Underbelly”
General Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses
American paratroopers prior to D-Day.
'Full victory-nothing else'
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D-Day June 6, 1944
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At Utah Beach, members of an American landing party help
others whose landing craft was sunk by the Germans off the
coast of France. The survivors reached Utah Beach, near
Cherbourg, by using a life raft.
The Liberation of Paris: August 25, 1944
De Gaulle in Triumph!
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Battle of the Bulge, December 16, 1944
Fought near Luxembourg, France and Germany
The Germans began a counterattack against the
Allies as the Allies attempted to drive the
Germans completely out of France.
This battle showed the desperation
of the German forces.
The Germans were able to
slow down the Allied advance,
but could not stop it completely.
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Yalta Conference-February 4–11, 1945
FDR wants quick Soviet entry into
Pacific war.
FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs
buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of
influence and a weak Germany.
Churchill wants strong Germany
as buffer against Stalin.
FDR argues for a ‘United Nations’.
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The Allies March East
After D-Day the Allies eventually broke
through the German lines in occupied France.
French resistance fighters rose up in Germanoccupied Paris.
Paris was liberated by the end of August.
In March of 1945, the Allies crossed the Rhine
River.
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In the north they linked up with the Soviet army
that was moving from the east.
The Allies March East
US & Russian
Soldiers Meet at the
Elbe River:
April 25, 1945
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The End of the War in Europe
Hitler had moved into an underground bunker in
Berlin.
April 28, 1945 Italian partisans– resistance
fighters–shot Mussolini.
April 30, Hitler committed suicide.
May 7, 1945, German commanders surrendered,
and the war in Europe was over.
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Mussolini &
His Mistress,
Claretta Petacci
Are Hung in Milan, 1945
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Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945
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War in Asia Continued
The Allies came closer to the
Japanese home islands in 1945.
The Manhattan Project was the
project, conducted during World
War II primarily by the United
States, to develop the first atomic
bomb.
U.S. president Harry S Truman
decided to drop atomic bombs on
Japanese cities.
Goal: avoid an invasion of Japan
and save American lives.
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First Fusion Bomb Test
This test was conducted on an
island. After the bomb went off
the entire island was gone.
The Bomb is Dropped
The first bomb was dropped
on the city of Hiroshima on
August 6
The Japanese did not
surrender
The second bomb was
dropped on Nagasaki
August 9, 1945
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Enola Gay: B-29
Superfortress
bomber.
Effects of Atomic Bomb
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were completely
destroyed.
Thousands died immediately, and thousands
more died later of radiation sickness.
The Japanese surrendered on August 14.
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The Hiroshima landscape after
the use of the atomic bomb
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Nagasaki before and after
Victory over Japan Day-August 1945
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August 15 in Japan and August 14 in the United Statesbecause of time zone differences
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Surrender of Japan, Tokyo Bay, 2 September 1945:
Japanese representatives on board USS Missouri during
the surrender ceremonies.
Division of Germany
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Divided Berlin
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Berlin Airlift
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Country Borders 1939 Pre War
Germany Invades Poland in 1939
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Germany Invades France in
1940
1944 the Normandy Invasion
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Post War European Borders
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Yalta
Yalta Conference in February 1945
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Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin
Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945
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Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day or VE Day)
was on May 8, 1945, the date when the World War
II Allies formally accepted the unconditional
surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany
and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich. On April
30, Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of
Berlin, and so the surrender of Germany was
authorized by his replacement, President of
Germany Karl Dönitz. The administration headed
up by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg
government. The act of military surrender was
signed on May 7 in Reims, France, and May 8 in
Berlin, Germany.
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