Transcript What were the causes of WWII

Causes of WWII
Objectives:
• Identify key factors that led to WWII.
• Assess reasons why appeasement failed
to stop Hitler’s aggression.
• What caused the leaders of the Axis
Powers to emerge?
• Listen to the compilation of speeches
given by Hitler.
• Listen carefully for the things Hitler says
that reference uniting Germany,
Germany’s struggle, the Treaty of
Versailles, loss of colonies,
War Guilt
• Listen/watch Hitler’s
– tone/volume/body language
• Skip 1:43- 3-25
Some Quotes I picked up
• Continue the struggle… you must submit
to the overwhelming need to obey
• What we have dreamed for years has
become a reality.. Uniting all German
classes
• The most precious possessions you have
in the whole world is your own people…
and for these people you must struggle
• The time will come when you can once
again be proud to be German
• Our people had to suffer because of inflation
– Millions of people were robbed of everything they
worked for their entire lives
– Responsibility lies on those who signed the treaty
in 1918
• A new state cannot fall from the sky, it needs
to grown form within its people
– I turn to you when I need courage, belief,
confidence. Commitment
• You will be one people bound together as one
1. Depression
•1929 Stock Market Crash: Great Depression
in US hurts the entire world
•U.S. unable to lend $ to help weakened nations
•People in Europe were looking for strong
leaders who would fix their economic problems
Germany during postwar/depression
• Effects of the T. of V.:
– paying back reparations for WWI ($33 Bill)
– Factories destroyed, coal mines taken by French,
railroads taken, colonies taken away
• Effects of the T. of V. and Depression
• High unemployment
• severe inflation
– money was practically worthless
• If you print more money than the amount of
gold you have, the money becomes less
Hyperinflation
• government prints more money
businesses raise prices
government prints
more money
businesses raise prices etc.
– eventually money becomes worthless
• Hitler promises to turn everything around!!!
Interpret this
graph?
What is it
saying about
the economic
and political
system in
Germany?
How many German Marks can
you get for $1 in U.S. currency?
Jan. 1918
5.21 Marks
Mar. 1923
21,190.00
Jan. 1919
8.20
Apr. 1923
24,475.00
Jan. 1920
64.80
May 1923
47,670.00
Jan. 1921
64.91
June 1923
109,966.00
Jan. 1922
191.81
July 1923
353,412.00
April 1922
291.00
Aug. 1923
4,620,455.00
(that’s in millions)
July 1922
493.22
Sept. 1923
98,860,000.00
(that’s in millions)
Oct. 1922
3,180.96
Oct. 1923
25,260,000,000.00
(that’s in billions)
Jan. 1923
17,972.00
Nov. 1923
2,193,600,000,000.00
(that’s in trillions)
Feb. 1923
27,918.00
Dec. 1923
4,200,000,000,000.00
(that’s in trillions)
1923-1924 A German woman feeding a stove with
$$$$, which would burn longer than the amount of
firewood they can buy
Kids playing with bricks of cash
Problems???
• Based on the Treaty of Versailles and the
depression in Germany, what kind of
solutions are the Germans looking for?
• Divided, government they don’t like, pride
hurt, unemployment
2. Fascism
Fascism
• dictator having complete power,
suppresses opposition and
criticism, stresses aggressive
nationalism and often racism.
Adolf Hitler
•
•
•
•
Born in Austria
Failed artist
Delivered messages during WWI
Blamed Germany’s defeat on:
– Jews, Communists, and “November
Criminals” - signers of T. of V.
• Sent to prison after a failed attempt to gain
power (known as Beer Hall Putsch)
– Wrote “Mein Kampf” = “My Struggle”
“Mein Kampf”
• Blueprint for Germany’s
future:
• 1. Racism - hatred for Jews
• 2. Lebensraum (living
space) expansion of
Germany’s border
• 3. World Domination
Promises
•
•
•
•
•
Restore Germany to Greatness
Stop communism
Unite all Germans
End unemployment
Blamed Others for Germany’s Problems
– Jews
• Weimar Republic
– November Criminals
• Excellent Speaker -Captivated the German
people
• What did the people want?
• What did Hitler Offer?
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Italy
• Upset with T. of V. - Britain and France
didn’t give Italy the land they promised
when they switched sides
• Price of bread rose
• Shortage of Coal
• Rising unemployment let to unrest in cities
• Peasants seize lands
Mussolini Gains Power
• Promises to solve Italy’s
problems
• Something for everyone:
• recreate the Roman Empire
• protect private property
• full employment
• Blackshirts
• Mussolin’s Followers
• Used Force to gain power
March on Rome
• “Either the government will be given to us
or we shall seize it by marching on Rome”
• 20,000 Black Shirts in a planned Coup
d’etat
• King Victor Emmanuel fears Civil War names Mussolini Prime Minister
“Il Duce” – The Leader
•
•
•
•
•
Solved Unemployment Problem
Restored Patriotism and Nationalism
Recaptured Italy’s Greatness
“Made the Trains Run on Time
Limited Individual Freedoms
Italy Expands!
Ethiopia
• What did the people want?
• What did Hitler Offer?
Rise of Militarism in Japan
Hideki Tojo
What Problems did Japan have
after WWI?
•
•
•
•
Population Explosion
35M to 60 M
Need land for farming and living space
Industrial Revolution = need for more raw
materials
• Economic Problems due to Great
Depression
Who is in control here?
• Military gradually gains
control of the
government
• Hideki Tojo as Military
General and Leader of
Japan
What were Japan’s Military and
Nationalist Goals?
• Solve Countries Problems through foreign
expansion
• Pacific empire rich in raw materials and
living space
• Began in 1931 –
Invasion of Manchuria
THE RAPE OF NANKING
• Japans war with China (imperialism)
– 6 weeks
– 250,000 to 300,000 people were killed.
• Dismembered, raped, bayoneted, shot, buried
alive etc.
Japanese Attacks !
Manchuria
Korea
China
• What did the people want?
• What did Hitler Offer?
A33.Appeasement:
-giving in to someone’s demands in
order to prevent war (make
someone happy).
Give me an example of a time when
you experienced appeasement.
Appeasement:
1. Hitler began secretly building up
Germany's army and weapons
– Britain and France know what he is up to, but
think a stronger Germany might help to
prevent the spread of Communism to the
West
2. Sent an army to the Rhineland:
– It is a demilitarized zone (cannot have army
there)
Allies did what? Appeased
Hitler!!!
3. German Army occupies Austria and
proclaims union with Germany. (against T. of
V.)
Austria asks for help to stop Hitler
– Hitler says he will stop taking over land after
Austria.
• What do France and Britain say????
– We don’t want war…. we trust you!!!!
Allies did what? Appeased
Hitler!!! Cont….
4. Hitler demands that the Sudetenland, (part of
Czechoslovakia) should be controlled by the
German government
– France, Britain, Italy, Germany agree to give
Sudetenland to Germany (The Munich Agreement)
• Hitler has to promise not to take over all of Czechoslovakia
– Who would have a problem with giving this land
away?
• Czechoslovakia (hello, should we have a say?)
Guess what Hitler does????
• Hitler invades Czechoslovakia March 1939
– France, Britain agree that if he invades
Poland they will go to war
What do
you see
in the
picture??
• Hitler invades Poland September 1, 1939
Munich Agreement Signed!
France and Great Britain Give into
Hitler’s Demands
Germany Takes the Sudetenland
• In June
1935,
Britain
made a
naval
agreement
with Hitler,
to let
Germany
have a
navy onethird of the
size of
Britain’s.
League of Nations
• Not all countries joined
the League
• Had no power
– main weapon was to
ask member countries
to stop trading with an
aggressive country
• The League had no army
• Unable to act quickly
• met four times a year and decisions had to be
agreed on by all nations. (ya right)