Transcript WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II
•Hitler
believes
Germ
should build
a great
empire (the
THIRD
REICH)
•Need more land to
East (Russia) & Slavic
peoples should be
used as slaves to build
rd
3 Reich
• DON’T WRITE!!
• Hitler creates new air force
March 9, 1935.
• Begins military draft
(Against Treaty Of
Versailles).
• Fr, GB warn
Germ, but
do nothing.
HITLER INVADES THE RHINELAND
• DON’T WRITE
• Hitler knows
they won’t
use force.
• Invades
RHINELAND
March 1936
• DON’T
WRITE!
Fr won’t act
w/o GB.
• GB doesn’t
support
using force
(b/c Germ owns Rhine
any way)
THE UNHOLY ALLIANCE
•Hitler & MUSSOLINI
(Italy) become allies,
b/c they believe must
create big empire
MUSSOLINI & HITLER
•1936: Germ & It sign
treaty recognizing poli &
eco interests called the
Rome-Berlin Axis. .
• Invades Ethiopia w/ Germ
support, angering GB & FR
AUSTRIA
• DON’T WRITE!!
• 1937, Hitler threatens to
invade Austria.
• Aus Chancellor put Nazis in
charge of govt.
• Govt then “invites” Germ
troops to come in & maintain
order.
• Annexed March 13, 1938
•DON’T WRITE!!
•Next goal: destroy
Czechoslovakia
• Demands Germ be
given SUDENTENLAND
(NW Cz) on Sept 15,
1938.
•Policy of APPEASEMENTbelief that if you satisfy
demands of unhappy
nations, then unhappy
powers will be content &
there will be peace
•Fr, GB, Germ & It meet
at MUNICH
CONFERENCE. France &
GB appease Hitler &
give him Cz.
•(See chart above for rest)
• Hitler promises to make no more
demands. BIG LIE!
• Cz abandoned
• Neville
Chamberlain,
GB Prime
Minister,
says “This
will create
peace for our
time”
MUNICH CONFERENCE
•Hitler thinks Euro weak
& won’t stop him. Took
over rest of CZ 1939 &
demands
Polish port of
DANZIG.
•GB & FR
realize they
need
Soviets to
stop Nazis
& negotiate
w/ USSR
•ON Aug 29, 1939 Hitler
& Stalin (USSR) sign
Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact,
promising not to attack
each other (to prevent a 2
front war)
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression
Pact
•Pact
gave
Stalin
E.Poland
&
Baltics
•Hitler
invades
Poland
Sept 1,
1939.
•Sept 3, GB
& FR
declare
war.
JAPANESE PATH TO
WAR
• Sept 1933: Japan attacks
Manchuria for resources.
• League of Nations sends
investigators.
•US warns Japan
that economic
SANCTIONS
(economic
restrictions to
enforce laws)
will be used
unless Japan
w/draws to old
borders
• Big Dilemma!
• Japan must
decide what
they need
more:
Indochina’s
resources or
US’s oil &
iron
•Germany’s fast attacks
shock world.
•BLITZKRIEG-lightening
war- used armored
columns (called panzer
divisions) supported by
planes.
• Each division had 300 tanks
w/ forces & supplies.
• Breaks through areas & then
bring in regular troops.
THE BLITZKRIEG
•On 9/28/39, Poland
surrenders & Germ &
Soviets divide it up.
•On 4/9/40, Hitler uses
Blitzkrieg against
Norway & Sweden.
•On 5/10/40 launch
attack on Netherlands,
Belgium & Fr w/ main
assault thru Luxembourg
& ARDENNES FOREST.
ARDENNES FOREST
•Panzers break thru weak
FR defenses, cut across
FR, & go around
MAGINOT LINE (Heavy
fortifications) on
Germ/FR border.
•Splits Allies
in half,
trapping FR
& GB on
Dunkirk
beaches
•6/22/40Fr sign
armistice &
Germ
occupies 3/5
of France.
•Germ set up
authoritarian
regime
•Brits ask US
for help.
•US passed
NEUTRALITY
ACTS &
cannot take
sides
Hitler must get control
of air to invade GB
•Aug 1940 LUFTWAFFE
launches attack (air
force)
• Hits bases, harbors,
communication &
industry.
•Brits fight & suffer
losses.
•
LUFTWAFFE
DON’T WRITE
• Hitler starts to bomb cities to
get back at GB for raid in
Berlin.
• Because Germ stopped going
after bases to get cities, GB
rebuilds military strength.
• Hitler backs off in Sept
•Hitler thought Brits
waiting for Soviet help
•6/22/41- Hitler
Invades USSR.
•(Believed would win by winter).
•1800 mile attack, but
capture 2 mil Rus
soldiers
INVASION OF RUSSIA
•Nov: Germ Army took
Ukraine, 2nd attacked
Leningrad & 3rd army
25 miles from Moscow.
•Winter hits early &
Strong Rus resistance
stops Germ.
• Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks
US naval base at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii.
• Try to destroy Pacific fleet.
• Thought US would accept
Japan’s domination of
Pacific
• KAMIKAZE (divine wind)
were suicide pilots.
•Japan took over much of
SE Asia & W Pacific
• US declares war Dec. 8
•Joins the ALLIES
•Hitler declared war on
US
• New alliance- US, GB, &
USSR are GRAND ALLIANCE
• Agree to focus on military,
not political issues.
• Will fight until AXIS
POWERS (Germ, It, Japan)
have UNCONDITIONAL
SURRENDER- no conditions
attached.
•women enter workforce.
•Some serve as nurses or
WACS.
• GENERAL
ERWIN
ROMMEL
(Desert Fox)
& his AFRIKA
KORPs break
thru Egypt.
• Last big success for Germ.
• Brits stop
Rommel at EL
ALAMEIN & he
retreats.
• US & Br invade
N. Africa Nov
1942.
• It & Germ
armies
surrender in
May 1943.
• Hitler goes after Stalingrad
(industrial center). -worst
battle of the war.
• Many starve during siege,
but Nov 1942-Feb 1943
Soviets counterattack,
encircling Germs & cutting
off supplies during winter.
•Germ army
surrenders
& HITLER
GIVES UP
ON RUSSIA
BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD
US SUCCESS IN ASIA
•BATTLE OF THE CORAL
SEA- 5/7/42- US stops
Japan’s advance to
Australia.
•Battle of Midway Island
6/4/42 US destroys
Japan’s navy. MAJOR
TURNING POINT!!!
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• DOUGLAS MACARTHURUS-move into Philippines
thru S. Pacific Islands
Others move across
Pacific w/ combo of US
marines, & navy
to attack Japanese
held islands,
by island hopping.
•
• Winston
Churchill
calls Italy
“Soft
underbelly of
Europe “
•DON’T WRITE!!!
•AXIS forces surrender
in Tunisia (1943)
Allies move into Italy
•Muss removed
from power.
•King Victor Emmanuel
offers to surrender
• DON’T WRITE
• Germs free
Mussolini & set
up puppet Germ
state in Italy.
• Germ sets up
defenses, takes
Allies until
6/4/44 to take
Rome
•Allies open
2nd front
w/ invasion
of Fr from
GB thru
English
Channel
GENERAL EISENHOWER
• Allied Forces
under GEN
DWIGHT
EISENHOWER
land at
NORMANDY
on 6/6/44aka D-DAY
1. 6/5/44- Stormy, men waiting in lSTs.
2. Germans nervous. Radio stations bombed,
Luftwaffe grounded, telephone lines cut.
Thought no invasion would occur
3. Commanders away attending a war game
subject was naval assault on Normandy
4. At Calais, German radar picks up signals
when Brits drop aluminum foil form planes
& send up reflector balloons to look like
troop transports
5. US & Brits launch parachute and glider
drops behind beaches
6. Beaches at Normandy given code names:
Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno & Sword. Utah
& Omaha taken by US, rest by Brits &
Canadians. Use clickers to find way in dark
7. 1:11 AM germ general gets phone call.
Word reaches Rommel at
2:15 AM, but doesn't
believe this is the
invasion. Sent message
to Runstedt
8. 2:55 sends message to Berlin.but not sure if
attack is atNormandy or Calais. At 4:15, knows
its Normandy
9. Sends message to Jodl, asking for reserves.
10. Jodl wakes up 6;30 & DENIES order.
11. Too late. 150,000 men, 1500 tanks, 5300 ships
land. Huge success. Many die in the attacks.
Good thing because one week later, Germans
launch V-1 rockets on England and V-2s later.
Flew up to 120 miles altitude and could not be
stopped.
D-DAY INVASION
OMAHA BEACH
TRYING TO GET TO SHORE
JUNE
th
6 ,
1944
BATTLE OF KURSK
• On July 12th, Luftwaffe &
artillery units bombed
Soviets.
• SS Divisions “were
astonished to see
masses of Soviet armor
advancing towards
them”.
• Battle of Kursk
was the
largest tank
battle.
•Soviets move west &
take Ukraine, Baltics &
Warsaw by 1945.
• Enter Berlin in Apr 1945
& swept thru Hungary,
Romania
& Bulgaria
• Hitler moves into bunker.
• Commits suicide April 30,
1945, 2 days after
Mussolini killed
•5/7/45 Germany
surrenders!!
1945: HARRY S TRUMAN
debates whether to
use atomic bomb.
•Would stop invasion of
Japan with million
deaths, but don’t know
true effects. Many
civilians would die
HARRY TRUMAN
•8/6/45 drop bomb on
HIROSHIMA, &
NAGASAKI 3 days
later. (levels cities,
many die)
•Emperor Hero Hito
surrenders.
•Dropped by Paul
Tibbets
HIROSHIMA
Designati Mk-I "Little
on
Boy"
Mk-III "Fat
Man"
Width
28 in.
60.25 in.
Length
120 in.
128 in.
Weight
8,900 lb.
10,300 lb.
15 - 16 Kt
21 Kt
Yield
CAPTAIN PAUL TIBBETS
NAGASAKI
Emperor Hirohito
AUDIE MURPHY
VICTORY!!!
WAR DEAD
• Total Servicemen worldwide:
16,112,566
• 6-10 million in concentration
camps
• 20 million to
50 million
civilians
• http://videopunks.com/index.php?name=Vi
deo&op=view&video_id=18
• http://www.metacafe.com/watch/160126/a_
small_atomic_bomb/
•Period of political
tension starts after war
over ideology (political
ideas) called COLD
WAR!!
•TEHRAN CONFERENCEStalin, Roosevelt &
Churchill (Big Three) met
in Tehran in Nov 1943 to
decide course of war.
• Stalin & FDR want an USBrit invasion of Germ thru
France in spring 1944.
• E. Europe would be freed
by Soviets
•YALTA CONFERENCE Met
at Yalta in Russia (Feb
1945)
•Soviets
now in
E. Euro.
•Stalin wants pro-soviet
govts along USSR border
to act as a buffer for
protection.
•FDR wants: SELFDETERMINATION: each
nation determines
their govts.
•Big 3 create & join
UNITED NATIONS.
• First meeting set for San Francisco April
1945.
Germ must surrender
unconditionally.
• Germ divided into 4
zones ruled by FR, GB,
USSR & US.
•Free elections
in Poland
• POTSDAM
CONFERENCEFDR dies &
replaced by
Harry Truman.
• Truman wants
free elections
in E. Euro.
• Stalin says no,
(would not be prosoviet)
• Winston
Churchill says
an “iron
curtain” has
descended
across the
continent.
NUREMBURG
TRIALS- Nazi
leaders tried &
convicted as
war criminals
in Nov ‘45Sept ‘46.
Many executed
Oct. 1 - last day - judges announced verdicts •12 given death: Goring, von Ribbentrop,
Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Franck,
Frick, Streicher, Sauckel, Jodl, SeyssInquart, Bormann (were hung Oct. 16,
• Goering committed suicide
•2 given life: Raeder, Hess
•2 given 20 yrs: Baldur von Schirach, Speer
•1 given 15 yrs, 1 given 10 yrs
•3 acquitted:
•12 more at Nuremberg - 175 convicted
•10,000 Germans convicted - 250 death