Transcript The Rise of the Dictators

The Great Depression to World War II:
1929-1945
THE WORLD AFTER WORLD WAR
I
WHAT’S GOING ON IN EUROPE & ASIA
DURING THE DEPRESSION YEARS?
 Growing
anger over how things were left
after World War I.
 Rise of Dictators in Italy and Germany
 Aggressively taking over their neighbors in
Europe & Asia.
THE BAD GUYS
Benito Mussolini
 Italy
 Facism
 Totalitarianism
 Dictator
MORE BAD GUYS
Adolf Hitler
 Germany
 HUGE
WAR DEBT
 MASSIVE
UNEMPLOYED
 INFLATION
 Nazi
Party
EVEN MORE BAD GUYS
Prime Minister of
Japan, Tojo Hideki
 Militarism
 Wants Pearl Harbor
 Dominate all of the
Pacific & Eastern Asia
Reasons for Dictators
The depression in Europe gave rise to the dictators
in Spain, Italy and Germany.
 People lost hope in democracies and wanted a
strong leader to correct the problems.
 Strong leaders promised solutions to the problems
in their countries.

Fascism

A political movement that
promotes

Extreme Nationalism
Imperialism
Dictatorial government

Denial of individual rights

One party system


Fascism
Strong
Military
Blind Loyalty
To the
leader
State controlled
economy
Fascism
Use of
Violence and
Terror
Use of
Censorship
&
Propaganda
Extreme
Nationalism
The Rise of Mussolini

Italy after World War I


The Treaty of Versailles gave
away land that had been
promised to Italy by Britain
and France.
Italy’s economy was slow

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
Men could not find work
Trade was slow
Taxes were high (pay for the
war)
Workers went on strike
The Rise of Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini took advantage
of the unrest in Italy by


Gathering a following of war
veterans and those unhappy
with the conditions in Italy.
Mussolini called his party
the Fascist and promised to
fix the problems of Italy.
The Rise of Mussolini

Mussolini promised





To end unemployment
Gain more land for Italy
Outlaw communism
Stop workers from striking
Strengthen Italy’s military
The Rise of Mussolini

By 1922 the Fascist and
Mussolini were in power.


They used violence and
terror to win elections.
Once in power Mussolini ended
 Free elections
 Free speech
 Free Press
The Rise of Mussolini


Many enemies of the state
were killed.
The goals of the state were
put above the rights of the
individual.
The Rise of Hitler

Germany after World War I



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
The Kaiser stepped down
A democratic government
called the Weimar Republic
took over.
The Weimar Rep. was weak
Inflation caused a major
economic problem.
People were poor.
The Rise of Hitler


Germany needed a leader
who could fix the
economic problems and
restore pride in Germany.
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi
party promised to fix
Germany.
The Rise of Hitler




In 1920 Hitler becomes head
of the German Workers Party
(GWP)
The GWP later becomes the
National Socialist German
Workers (Nazi)
In 1933 Hitler was named
Chancellor of Germany.
By 1934 Hitler was dictator of
Germany
The Rise of Hitler
World War I
Germany has
to pay large war
debt.
Germany loses
her colonies.
Weak Government Economic Problems
Kaiser steps down
Inflation
Jobs
Weimar Rep.
fails to end inflation
Depression
A new German
super race
Unemployment
Germany is
bitter over blame
for World War I.
Reduced military.
Nazi’s Promise
Weimar Rep.
signs the Treaty of
Versailles which
angers
many Germans
Rebuild the military
Get back lost land
Make Germany proud
The Rise of Hitler

Hitler

Creates a new Germany
called the Third Reich.
The Rise of Hitler

Hitler

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Turns Germany into a
totalitarian state.
Creates a one party system
(Nazi Party)
Ends civil rights
Murders many of his political
enemies.
Uses force and terror to
enforce his rule.
Uses propaganda, art and
education to promote him and
the Nazi party.
The Rise of Hitler

Hitler




Puts businesses under
government control.
Starts public works
programs which employs
many people.
Rebuilds the military.
Raises the standard of
living.
The Rise of Hitler
Hitler instituted programs against Jews to restrict
their lives in an attempt to drive them from
Germany.
 Many did not care about Hitler’s policies many
were just happy being employed and having a
renewed sense of military and nationalistic pride.

GERMANY BEFORE WWII
 In
1933 Hitler
becomes the
Chancellor
 The Enabling Law is
passed which allows
Hitler to make laws
without having to
have them approved
by anyone, including
the Parliament.
CONCENTRATION CAMPS
In 1933 -first Concentration camp is opened at
Dachau.
 It used to jail members of the Communist
party.
 Trade unions became banned
 Jews were banned from working in government.
 Nuremburg Laws
 Jews were banned from marrying Aryans, and
sexual relations between Jews and non-Jews
was forbidden. Jews also lost their right to
German citizenship.

1936 OLYMPICS
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Germany hosted the
Olympics.
Hitler’s plan was to use
the event to spread Nazi
propaganda.
His plans were spoiled
when a black man, Jesse
Owens, won four gold
medals.
To Hitler blacks were an
inferior race.
GERMANY BEFORE WWII

Kristallnacht (The Night of
Broken Glass)
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1938
Jewish shops, homes, and
Synagogues were attacked.
Thousands of Jews were
arrested and sent to
concentration camps
This was the beginning of
the Holocaust, the
extermination of millions
of Jews.
Hitler and Mussolini

Positives:

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
Both Hitler and Mussolini
improved the economic
conditions of their nations.
Both restored order to their
countries.
Both brought back
nationalistic pride.

Negatives:


Many lost individual rights.
Many were driven out of
the countries or murdered.
WAR ESCALATES IN EUROPE
1936 – German troops
occupy the
Rhineland, bordering
France and Belgium.
 1938 – Germany
annexed Austria.
 Both of these actions
violated the
Versailles Treaty.

WAR ESCALATES IN EUROPE

1938 – Germany claimed
the Sudetenland, a part of
Czechoslovakia where
some German speaking
people lived.
• A Sudetenland
woman weeps tears
of joy when German
troops enter the
territory.
• They hoped the
Nazis would end the
depression in their
country
•However, this
worried Great Britain
and France who
feared another war
WAR ESCALATES IN EUROPE

1938 –Munich Conference
 Hitler promises to take all
of Czechoslovakia
 Promises not to take any
more land
 Great Britain & France
threaten war with Hitler
if he invades another
country.
•Britain and
France gave
into Germany
hoping that it
would avoid
warfare. This
was known as
appeasement.
Soviet poster of the 1930's by
Kukryniksy on the Munich
agreement.
WORLD WAR II

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1939 –Nazi-Soviet NonAggression Pact
 Hitler and Stalin agreed
not to attack one another.
 Agreed to divide Poland
and Eastern Europe
amongst themselves.
September 1, 1939 –
Germany invaded Poland
without fear of a Soviet
attack.
Britain and France declared
war on Germany.
The Rise of Japanese Militarism

The Japanese began a
program of militarism in
the 1930’s

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Japan wanted to restore its
greatness
Get rid of western
influence
Gain foreign lands
The Rise of Japanese Militarism
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In 1931 Japan attacks
Manchuria.
Japan withdraws from the
League of Nations.
An increase in loyalty to
the emperor.
Japan attempts to
imperialize China.
Japan’s Drive For An Empire
Japan felt that they
had the right to start
an overseas empire,
like Britain and
France.
 In 1931, Japan seized
Manchuria, China,
for its valuable coal
and iron.

Japan
•The League of
Nations failed to
help China.
•1937, Japan
began an all out
attack on China,
•Eventually
conquered Korea
and French
Indo-China.
Invasion of Manchuria
• Military leaders win control of Japan during the
depression – think war/expansion will fix economy
• 1931: Japan invades Manchuria, a Chinese Province
which was rich in coal & iron
• When China complains to the League of Nations, Japan
claims they are trying to help Manchuria
• Japan creates a puppet government & Manchurians
declare the independent country of Manchukuo
• 1937: Japan claims
one of its soldiers is
missing, wants to enter
China to search
• China
refuses, Japan opens fire on China (Marco Polo Bridge
Incident), Japan invades China
• After conquering Shanghai, Japan ready to invade the capital,
Nanking
Nanking Massacre aka The Rape of Nanking
•As the Japanese Army drew closer to Nanking, civilians try to flee
city
•Japanese say they will only target Chinese soldiers but start killing
civilians when they enter the city