Transcript Fascism rises in Europe

IMPACT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
The treaty of Versailles was the peace
settlement between the allies and Germany at the
end of the first world war. The German authorities
had little choice but to accept the terms of the
treaty presented by 'the big three”
GERMANY’S HARSH PUNISHMENT
 End of the German empire, Weimar republic established
 Limited military (100,000 in army or air force)
 Financial reparations to be paid to the allied powers
Dawes plan of 1924– payment plan for Germany
Triangle financing (us>ger>European allies>us)
 War guilt- Germany had to take full blame for WWI
Germans did not feel they had lost the war, greatly despised the allied powers
GERMANY’S HARSH PUNISHMENT
Territorial losses:
Regions of the German empire, and
all German overseas colonies were
given to various allied nations
(included vital industrial areas and
resource rich territories)
 Demilitarized border with France
Rhineland and Saar regions
ITALY’S DISAPPOINTMENT
• Felt betrayed by the other “Council of Four” nations
Entered WWI by the Secret Treaty of London -1915 Britain had offered Italy large sections of
territory in the Adriatic sea region – Tyrol, Dalmatia and Istria.
Promised Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman territory
Only gained the Tyrol and Istria. No gains in Africa
The government came over as weak and lacking pride in Italy. For Nationalists, the failure of the
government to stand up to the "big three" at Versailles was unforgivable.
GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES
• New nations created out of the former Russian, ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires:
Some nationalities were ignored (Africans and Arabs)
Division of German and ottoman empires by great Britain and France (Africa and middle east) and by
the united states and japan (pacific islands).
• League of nations established in 1920
Would settle international disputes
United states ultimately rejected membership
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
• Stock market crash of 1929 (united states)
Global economy allowed for depression to spread
15-40% unemployment rate
Many turned to socialist revolutionary groups
• Reparation crisis in Germany
Still forced to pay allies
Inflation and hyper inflation occurs
Printed more money than they had in value
Social
Supported
by middle class,
Industrialists,
and military
Militarism
Illusion of power
Provided an ordered
and stable society
Popular because of
the chaos that
followed WWI and
the depression
Chief Examples
• Italy
• Spain
• Germany
Fascism
Nationalism
• authoritarianism
• state more
important than
the individual
• charismatic leader
• action oriented
Political
• nationalist
• racist (Nazism)
• one-party rule
• supreme leader
Economic
• economic functions
controlled by
state corporations
or state
ITALIAN FASCISM
• Fascism fueled by Italy's failure to win large
territorial gains at the Paris peace
conference.
• Inflation and unemployment fueled
• Mussolini founds the fascist party in 1919.
• Economic downturn makes fascists popular.
• Political party: The Fascisti
• Parliamentary wing: The Black Shirts
- Started the “White Terror”
Suppressed socialist workers and peasants
Won the support of landed elites and
industrialists
- Modeled after Garibaldi’s Red Shirts
BENITO MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER
• Mussolini promised to rescue Italy’s
economy and rebuild armed forces.
• March on Rome (October 1922)
• Mussolini made the Italian Prime
Minister
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Cq2PUHGj3a8
GERMAN NAZISM
•
Political party :national socialist workers
party
• Parliamentary wing: the Brown Shirts (SA)
- Public attacks against Spartacists and
socialist institutions
- Blamed democrats and Jewish People for
Germany’s WWI loss
NAZI’S GAIN CONTROL
• Adolf Hitler appointed chancellor January 30,
1933– Machtergreifung (Seizure of Power)
• Enabling Act (march 1933)
- Allowed Hitler to suspend the constitution
• Established the Third Reich
• Night of long knives (june1934)
- Political enemies eliminated
- Gained support for the German military
• Night of broken glass- Kristallnacht
- November 9-10 1938
- Response against Jews for the death of a Nazi
politician.
• Thousands of Jewish synagogues, homes, and
businesses destroyed
• Many Jewish families begin to be sent to
concentration camps