Transcript No Slide Title

ALLIES
AXIS
THE BIG THREE
WINSTON CHURCHILL—Great Britain
FDR---U.S.
JOSEPH STALIN---Soviet Union
BENITO MUSSOLINI
ADOLF HITLER
HIDEKI TOJO
WWII POLITICAL
Date
Dec.
1941 to
Jan.
1942
June
1942
Jan.
1943
Nov.
1943
Place
Washington
Conference
1st
2nd
Casablanca
Conference
Teheran
Conference
Participants
Decisions
FDR
War Production,
shipping, aid for
China, diversion of
German strength from
Eastern Front and a
Winston Churchill
Big 2
FDR
Winston Churchill
Big 2
FDR
Winston Churchill
Joseph Stalin
Big 3
North African
invasion.
Plans for invasion of
Sicily and to step up
Pacific War…D-day
invasion in 1944 onto
French coast.
Unconditional Surrender
of Germany
1st time “Big 3” meet.
Stalin demands 2nd front
onto French coast….
Date of D-day invasion
decided… General
Eisenhower appointed
as commander of Allies
•4 Star, US General Dwight Eisenhower
•Graduate of West Point
•Commanded Allied invasion on North Africa in 1942
•Named Supreme Allied Commander and in charge of
D-Day.
WWII Military Leaders
•General George Patton
•Graduate of West Point
•Tank commander and commander of the 7th Army
•Germans feared Patton
•“ole blood and guts”
WWII Military Leaders
LCD: landing craft devices---carried 36 men…..Higgins boat--built by individual who made boats to run on the bayou….20,000
made for the D-Day
To get through the barbed war, soldiers had to blast through
with 10’ pipes filled with TNT.
Two portable harbors were built and transported across the
English channel and setup on 1 of the British beaches and 1
with the Americans.
To get fuel from England to France, an underwater pipeline
was laid which connected with the portable harbors to get fuel
to the front..
To fool the Germans to believing the invasion was at Calais,
the Allies dropped dummy parachute soldiers…..
= Canadian
= Great Britain
= United States
The Battle of the Bulge:
Hitler’s Last Offensive
Dec. 16,
1944 to
Jan. 28,
1945
Yalta: February, 1945
 FDR wants quick Soviet entry into
Pacific war.
 FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs
buffer (Poland) , FDR & Stalin want
spheres of influence and a weak
Germany.
 Churchill wants
strong Germany
as buffer
against
Stalin.
 FDR argues
for a ‘United Nations’.
The decisions at the
Yalta Conference
shaped the post WWII
world. Many
agreements were
made but the lasting
effect was: “You
cannot trust the words
of a dictator”.
Yalta
DECISIONS MADE AT YALTA
Created a United Nations to promote world peace.
Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4 zones
controlled by the US, British, France and Soviet
Union
Eastern European countries under Soviet control
would have “free elections”
Stalin agreed but kept Eastern Europe under Soviet
control after WWII leading to the Cold War…..
FDR dies in
Warm Springs,
Georgia on April
12, 1945
Mussolini is
executed by his
own people on
April 28, 1945
Hitler realizing that
Berlin was about to
fall, married his
mistress, Eva Braun
and both commit
suicide on April 30,
1945.
United
Nations
•Allied Powers
became the
United Nations.
•Germans
surrender to the
United Nations to
end the war in
Europe
JAPANESE
EXPANSION
•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
•US declares war
on Japan.
1942
•Philippines
•Bataan Death
March
•Guam
•Malaya
•New Guinea
•Threatening
Australia and
Hawaii
map/japan
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
The last 2 years of the war, the Japanese resorted to
“suicidal bombers” or Kamikaze bombers to destroy the
American Navy.
Approximately 2,800 Kamikaze attackers sunk 34 Navy
ships, damaged 368 others, killed 4,900 sailors, and
wounded over 4,800.
potsdam
Big Three
•Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in
Potsdam, Germany in July 1945.
•Truman informed of successful test of bomb.
•Demanded unconditional surrender from
Japanese or a new weapon would be used.
potsdam
•Some suggest
that Truman was
warning Stalin.
•If he didn’t follow
through with the
decisions at Yalta,
it could happen to
the Soviet Union.
Arguments for use
Arguments opposed
• Japanese refused to
surrender.
• Atomic bombs were
untested and their
destruction unknown
• Estimated an invasion
similar to D-Day was needed
to end war.
• Estimated Japan’s empire
would last 2 years.
• Estimated Allied casualties
at 1 million or more men
with huge Japanese losses.
• Japanese leadership was
told of the destructive
power of the bomb
• Offered a period to
surrender but declined.
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were not major military
targets.
• Those killed in the attacks
would be Japanese civilians.
• Radiation poisoning would
have negative effects on the
population.
• Nuclear weapons would set
a precedent that using
weapons of mass
destruction was allowable in
war
A joint Allied Project consisting of
Canadian, British and U.S. scientists to
build an atomic bomb.
Started in 1940…..
By July 1945, 3 bombs had been built.
1 bomb = 20,000 tons of TNT
One would be set off in New Mexico
successfully.
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
 70,000 killed
immediately
 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.
 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning &
cancer later.
•My fellow Americans, the
British, Chinese and United
States governments have
given the Japanese people
adequate warning of what is
in store for them.
•The world will note that the
first atomic bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima, a
military base. If Japan does
not surrender, bombs will
have to be dropped on her
war industries and
unfortunately thousands of
civilian lives will be lost.
President Harry
Truman
•I urge Japanese civilians to
leave industrial cities
immediately and save
themselves.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
 40,000 killed
immediately
 60,000 injured.
 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning
& cancer later.
Jap surrender
Japan surrenders on Aug. 14, 1945……Official
surrender ceremonies were held on Sept. 2, 1945
V-J Day response
by Americans in
New York City