Transcript map/japan - Kentucky Department of Education

Executive 9066
Economic Changes in World War II
• The War Production Board
– American factories poured their efforts into
making weaponry.
•
•
•
•
•
40 billion bullets
300,000 aircraft
76,000 ships
86,000 tanks
2.6 million machine guns
Propaganda
JAPANESE
EXPANSION
•Dec. 7, 1941,
Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
•US declares
war on Japan.
1942
•Philippines
•Bataan Death
March
Date
Dec.
1941 to
Jan.
1942
June
1942
Jan.
1943
Nov.
1943
Place
Washington
Conference
1st
2nd
Casablanca
Conference
Tehran
Conference
Participants
Decisions
FDR
War Production,
shipping, aid for
China, diversion of
German strength from
Eastern Front and a
Winston Churchill
Big 2
FDR
Winston Churchill
Big 2
FDR
Winston Churchill
Joseph Stalin
Big 3
North African
invasion.
Plans for invasion of
Sicily and to step up
Pacific War…D-day
invasion in 1944 onto
French coast.
Unconditional Surrender
of Germany
1st time “Big 3” meet.
Stalin demands 2nd front
onto French coast….
Date of D-day invasion
decided… General
Eisenhower appointed
as commander of Allies
Map 16 of 45
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
World War II—Europe and North Africa
with Axis, Allied & Neutral Positions in Africa December 1941
Map 17 of 45
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Attack
Hitler’s “soft
underbelly”
Stalin’s 2nd
front
Attack
Hitler’s “soft
underbelly”
TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1942
•Allied
invasion of
North Africa
•El Alamein
The Italian Campaign
[“Operation Torch”] :
Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”
 Allies plan assault
on weakest Axis
area - North Africa
- Nov. 1942-May
1943
 George S. Patton
leads American
troops
 Germans trapped
in Tunisia surrender over
275,000 troops.
= Canadian
= Great Britain
= United States
The Allies stem the Japanese
Tide
In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, the
Japanese had great military success.
• Conquered much of the Asian mainland and
islands in the Pacific.
• In 1942, Japan threatened the Americans in
the Philippines.
• US General Douglas MacAurthur left the
Philippines in March 1942, but told the
people left behind, “I shall return.”
The US Fights Back
The US fights back against the Japanese.
• March 5, 1942: fire-bombing raid on Tokyo.
• US Navy wins the Battle of Coral Sea. This
ended the Japanese threat to invade Australia.
June 1942, Battle of Midway
• US breaks Japanese code, learns their plan.
• Navy led by Chester Nimitz crushes Japan.
• This was a turning point in the Pacific War!
“Island Hopping”
Island Hopping was the US strategy to
move closer and closer to Japan.
• US fought Japan from island to island,
gaining strategic advantage.
Fighting the Kamikaze
What is a Kamikaze raid?
• Suicide attacks where Japanese pilots
crashed their planes into Allied ships
Other Important Battles
The Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines, October 1944
• Japanese Navy nearly wiped out.
The Battle of Iwo Jima, March 1945
• Gave the US a base to launch heavy bombers that could
reach Japan.
• The fire-bombing raid on Tokyo from March 9-10, 1945,
destroys 250,000 buildings and kills an estimated
83,000.
The Battle of Okinawa, June 1945
• Battle for the last Japanese outpost
• 7,600 Americans and 110,000 Japanese were killed
The Philippines are retaken by MacArthur in July 1945.
map/japan
TURNING
POINT
BATTLES
1944
•Battle of Leyete
Gulf, recaptured
the Philippines
1945
•Iwo Jima and
Okinawa
•Put the US 500
miles from
mainland Japan
•Began bombing
mainland Japan
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
As American forces
neared Japan in March
1945, FDR died.
• Vice President Harry
Truman became
president.
Potsdam Conference
• Held near Berlin in July 1945.
• At the conference, the Americans, British,
and Soviets issued an ultimatum to the
Japanese to either surrender or be
destroyed. (Unconditional Surrender)
• The Soviets agreed to enter the war
against Japan on August 8, 1945. They
did so in an effort to get a claim in Japan.
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
President Truman was told about the
Manhattan Project.
• The secret development of the atomic
bomb.
• Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer.
• On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb
was tested. It was MORE powerful than
predicted
Arguments for use
Arguments opposed
• Japanese refused to
surrender.
• Atomic bombs were
untested and their
destruction unknown
• Estimated an invasion
similar to D-Day was needed
to end war.
• Estimated Japan’s empire
would last 2 years.
• Estimated Allied casualties
at 1 million or more men
with huge Japanese losses.
• Japanese leadership was
told of the destructive
power of the bomb
• Offered a period to
surrender but declined.
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki
were not major military
targets.
• Those killed in the attacks
would be Japanese civilians.
• Radiation poisoning would
have negative effects on the
population.
• Nuclear weapons would set
a precedent that using
weapons of mass
destruction was allowable in
war
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
Before
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
After
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
August 6, 1945: Hiroshima
• More than 70,000 killed instantly.
• 140,000 dead by the end of 1945.
• Japan did not surrender.
August 9, 1945: Nagasaki
August 9, 1945: Nagasaki