Transcript World War II - Texas Christian University

World War II
The Neutrality Acts
Banned
• Sale of war supplies to the belligerents
• Loans to the belligerents
• U.S. citizens traveling on vessels
belonging to the belligerents
Meanwhile in Europe…
Germany introduced the Blitzkrieg
To Poland
Denmark
Norway
Belgium
the Netherlands
and France
Britain stood alone.
Britain stood alone.
Britain stood alone.
Britain stood alone.
Cash and Carry Policy
• Belligerents (Britain) could purchase war
supplies and equipment in the United
States provided they
– Paid cash (no loans from Americans)
– Carried the supplies and equipment in their
own ships (no transportation on American
cargo vessels)
The Bases-for-Destroyers Deal,
September 1940
Fifty older U.S. Navy destroyers in exchange
for 99-year leases on nine British bases
around the world
Lend-Lease, March 1941
U.S. Marines stationed in Iceland,
July 1941
Atlantic Conference, August 1941
Growing tensions in the Atlantic
• September 4, 1941--USS Greer fights with
a German submarine; FDR issues “shoot
on sight” order
Growing tensions in the Atlantic
• Destroyer USS Kearny torpedoed by
German submarine; 11 US navy sailors
killed
Growing tensions in the Atlantic
• October 31, 1941—USS Reuben James
torpedoed and sunk by German
submarine; 115 American lives lost.
Growing tensions in the Atlantic
Meanwhile, in the Pacific…
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
The Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor
Japanese Conquests
General Douglas MacArthur
Bataan Death March
photo courtesy of www.fourthmarinesband.com
Weak American Response
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
The Doolittle Raid
A footnote to the Doolittle Raid
A footnote to the Doolittle Raid
A footnote to the Doolittle Raid
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Midway
Guadalcanal
Naval Battles for Guadalcanal
Naval Battles for Guadalcanal
Naval Battles for Guadalcanal
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Battle of Tarawa,
20-23 November 1943
General Douglas MacArthur
Tarawa
• 35,000 U.S. soldiers and Marines vs.
4,700 Japanese
• Casualties
– U.S.: 1,001 killed, 2,296 wounded
– Japanese: 4,683 killed, 17 captured
Tarawa
Battle of Leyte Gulf,
23-26 October 1944
Battle of Tarawa,
20-23 November 1943
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Losses:
– U.S.:
• 3 aircraft carriers
• 3 destroyers
• 3,500 men killed
– Japanese:
•
•
•
•
•
4 aircraft carriers
3 battleships
8 cruisers
12 destroyers
10,000 men killed
Battle of Iwo Jima
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Battle of Tarawa
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima
Iwo Jima
Casualties
• U.S.:
– 5,598 killed
– 19,189 wounded
– 494 missing
• Japanese:
– 20,703 killed
– 216 captured
Meanwhile, in Europe…
Operation Torch
• November 1942, U.S. troops land in North
Africa
Continuing Advances in the
European Theater of the War
• July 1943—Allied troops land in Sicily.
• September 1943—Allied troops land on
the Italian peninsula.
• June 6, 1944—Allied troops land on the
coast of France.
Continuing Advances in the
European Theater of the War
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
General Dwight Eisenhower
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
D-Day, 6 June 1944:
The Allied Landings in Normandy
The Battle for Normandy,
6 June-25 August, 1944
Casualties
• Allied:
– 57,200 killed
– 173,000 wounded or
missing
• German:
– 23,019 killed
– 67,060 wounded
– 198,616 missing
Endgame in Europe
• April 8, 1945—Roosevelt dies of cerebral
hemorrhage and is replaced by Harry S
Truman.
• April 30, 1945—With Soviet troops only
blocks away, Hitler commits suicide in his
bunker in Berlin.
• May 8, 1945—Germany surrenders.
Endgame in the Pacific
Truman’s options:
• Invade Japan
or…
The Manhattan Project
Hiroshima, 6 August 1945
Hiroshima, 6 August 1945
Nagasaki, 9 August 1945
Nagasaki, 9 August 1945
Surrender Ceremony,
2 September 1945
Surrender Ceremony,
2 September 1945
“Big Three” Conferences
Teheran, November-December 1943
“Big Three” Conferences
Yalta, February 1945
“Big Three” Conferences
Potsdam, July-August 1945