Transcript World War Two (1939

World War Two
(1939-1945)
I.
German Conquest (1939-42)
A. Poland
B. France
C. Battle of Britain
D. Russian Invasion
II. US (1939-12/7/41)
A. Neutrality & Japan
III. Defeating Germany (1942-45)
A. Diplomacy/Big Three
B. The “Tide Turns”
IV. Defeating Japan
V. Results
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Key Terms
Blitzkrieg
Axis & Allies
Pearl Harbor
Churchill
Stalin
FDR
Stalingrad
D-day
Eisenhower
Yalta Conference
Dresden
Island Hopping
WWII Themes
• Technology-from the Blitz to A-bomb & in
between
• Diplomacy-Allies cooperate
• “Total War”-civilian casualties
Poland Faces A Blitzkrieg
German air force
targeted railroads
• Germany invaded
Poland September 1,
1939
New Technologies =
Success
• Blitzkrieg = “Lightening
Warfare”
– Air attacks combined
with rapid troop
movement
• Poland fell within one
month
WWII Alliances
Following Germany’s invasion Alliances were formed:
Allies
• Great Britain
• France
Axis
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
France Falls To Germany
• 1940 France fell to
Germany in 6 weeks
(successful Blitz)
Victorious German Soldiers
The British Stand Alone: Battle of
Britain
• Cities were bombed
June, 1940-June
1941
• British radar helped
& radio influenced
morale
London under fire
Russian Invasion
• June, 1941 Germany
invaded Russia (in
violation of previous
treaty)
• German “Blitzkrieg” again
VERY successful (initially)
Hitler switched
tactics
Pearl Harbor Attack
(12/7/41)
• 19 Ships sunk
• About 2,000
dead
USS Arizona explosions killed about 1,100
WWII Alliances
Allies
• Great Britain
• France
• USSR
• US
Axis
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
“Big Three”
Winston Churchill
(1874-1965)
• Prime Minster of
Great Britain
• Goal: Attack “Soft
Underbelly” of
Europe
Italy
“Big Three”
Joseph Stalin
(1879-1953)
• Leader of Soviet
Union (USSR)
• Goal: A Second
Front in western
Europe
• 20-30 million
Soviets died during
WWII
“Big Three”
Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)
(1882-1945)
• US President
• Goal: Defeat
Germany first with
fewest US
casualties
Battles Of Stalingrad & Leningrad
(Leningrad: 1941-44)
• Turning point
of European
war
• USSR turned
back Germans
• Leningrad/ St.
Petersburg was
under seige
The “Tide Turns” In Italy
• In 1943 following
defeats in North
Africa Mussolini
was deposed &
Italy surrendered.
D-Day
(June 6, 1944)
Dwight Eisenhower
• Allied invasion in western
France (2nd Front).
• Technological success
– 500,000 troops
– 11,000 aircraft
– 4,000 vessels
(1890-1969)
Dresden, Germany
• Major German
cultural center
• Site of massive
allied bombing
campaign February
1945
– Up to 130,000
civilians killed
Yalta Conference
(February, 1945)
It was decided that following Germany’s defeat…
1. Free elections would be held in Poland.
2. Germany would be occupied by Allied
Powers.
3. USSR would join the war against Japan.
4. Allied Powers would participate in the
United Nations.
Germany’s Defeat
• Germany surrendered May 8, 1945.
Island Hopping
• US strategy to defeat Japan.
• US forces went from Island to Island in the
Pacific on their way to the Japanese mainland.
War In The Pacific: Midway
(June 1942)
• Location of an important US based in the Pacific
• US won a decisive victory
• Significance: Turning point in the war in the
Pacific
Iwo Jima
(February-March, 1945)
• 6,800 US dead
•19,000 US wounded
•21,000 Japanese dead
*Figures are approximate
Okinawa
April-June, 1945
• 12,500 US/Allied dead
• 35,000 US/Allied wounded
• 100,000 Japanese soldiers dead
• 80,000 Japanese civilians dead or wounded
*Figures are approximate
“Kamikaze”
• Japanese “suicide” planes increased as the
Americans neared the Japanese mainland.
Tokyo Was Firebombed
•March, 1945 (two days)
•About 80,000 dead
•250,000 buildings destroyed
Atomic Warfare
• US ultimatum
rejected
• Hiroshima (8/6/45):
100,000 Japanese
dead
• Nagasaki (8/9/45):
40,000 Japanese
dead
• Japanese Surrender
(8/14/45)
The Aftermath of the
Atomic Bombs
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
WWII-Deaths
Country
USSR
Germany
Military
Deaths
13,000,000?
(min)
3,250,000
Civilian
Deaths
7,000,000?
(min)
3,500,000
Poland
125,000
6,000,000
Great Britain
325,000
65,000
United States
400,000
World War Two
(1939-1945)
I.
German Conquest (1939-42)
A. Poland
B. France
C. Battle of Britain
D. Russian Invasion
II. US (1939-12/7/41)
A. Neutrality & Japan
III. Defeating Germany (1942-45)
A. Diplomacy/Big Three
B. The “Tide Turns”
IV. Defeating Japan
V. Results
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Key Terms
Blitzkrieg
Axis & Allies
Pearl Harbor
Churchill
Stalin
FDR
Stalingrad
D-day
Eisenhower
Yalta Conference
Dresden
Island Hopping