Transcript Slide 1
Anti-Semitism: Opposition to and discrimination against Jews. Aryan: A term for peoples speaking the language of Europe and India. In Nazi racial theory, a person of pure German "blood." The term "non-Aryan" was used to designate Jews, part-Jews and others of supposedly inferior racial stock. Chancellor: Chief (prime) minister of Germany. Enabling Act: The Enabling Act, ratified on March 23, 1933, allowed the government emergency powers: to pass decrees without referring to the president and eventually create new laws. This helped the new (Nazi) regime to establish a firm footing in the Reichstag. Fascism: A social and political ideology with the primary guiding principle that the state or nation is the highest priority, rather than personal or individual freedoms. Führer /fewra/ : Leader. Adolf Hitler's title in Nazi Germany. German Workers' Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) /doiche abaitapatai/ : As the precursor to the Nazi Party, Hitler joined the right-wing Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP) in 1919. The party espoused national pride, militarism, a commitment to the Volk, and a racially "pure" Germany Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) /ahdolf hitla/ : Nazi party leader, 1919-1945. German Chancellor,1933-1945. Called Führer, or supreme leader, by the Nazis. Hitler Youth: Hitler Jugend /hitla yoogend/ was a Nazi youth auxiliary group established in 1926. It expanded during the Third Reich. Membership was compulsory after 1939. Mein Kampf /mine kahmpf/ : Meaning "My Struggle," it was the ideological base for the Nazi Party's racist beliefs and murderous practices. Published in 1925, this work detailed Hitler's radical ideas of German nationalism, anti-semitism, antiBolshevism, and Social Darwinism which advocated survival of the fittest. The Nazi (National Socialist German Workers') Party: or NSDAP was founded in Germany on January 5, 1919. It was characterized by a centralist and authoritarian structure. Its platform was based on militaristic, racial, anti-semitic and nationalistic policies. Nazi Party membership and political power grew dramatically in the 1930s, partly based on political propaganda, mass rallies and demonstrations Nuremberg Laws: The Nuremberg Laws were announced by Hitler at the Nuremberg Party conference, defining 'Jew' and systematizing and regulating discrimination and persecution. Prejudice: A judgment or opinion formed before the facts are known. In most cases, these opinions are founded on suspicion, intolerance, and the irrational hatred of other races, religions, creeds, or nationalities. Propaganda: False or partly false information used by a government or political party intended to sway the opinions of the population. Reich /raikh/: German word for empire. Reichskammern /raikskaman/ : Reich government departments. Reichstag /raikhstag/ : The German Parliament. SA (Sturmabteilung /shtoormabtailung/ or Storm Troopers) : Also known as "Brown Shirts," they were the Nazi party's main instrument for undermining democracy and facilitating Adolf Hitler's rise to power. They continued to exist throughout the Third Reich, but were of lesser political significance after 1934. Scapegoat: Person or group of people blamed for crimes committed by others. Treaty of Versailles /versai/: Germany and the Allies signed a peace treaty at the end of World War I. The United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy negotiated the treaty at the Peace Conference held in Versailles beginning on January 18, 1919. The German Republic government which replaced the imperial administration was excluded from the deliberations. Weimar Republic /vaimahr/ : The German republic, and experiment in democracy (1919-1933), was established after the end of World War I. EUROPEAN THEATER 1935-1941 Allies Powers Britain- Winston Churchill France- Charles de Gaulle Soviet Union- Josef Stalin United States- FDR •Axis Power •Germany – Hitler •Italy- Mussolini •Japan- Emperor Hirohi Tojo Hideki 1935 Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by introducing military conscription. German Jews are stripped of the rights 1936 The German Gestapo is placed above the law. Mussolini's Italian forces take Ethiopia. Civil war erupts in Spain. Olympic games begin in Berlin Soviet leader Josef Stalin begins a purge of Red Army generals. Hitler reveals war plans during Hossbach Conference Germany announces ‘Anschluss’ (union) with Austria German military mobilizes. British Prime Minister Chamberlain appeases Hitler at Munich. German Troops occupy the Sudetenland; Czech government resigns. The Night of Broken Glass: Kristallnacht November 9, 1928 Nazis sign 'Pact of Steel' with Italy. Britain and Poland sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty. Nazis invade Poland. Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declare war on Germany. United States proclaims its neutrality Nazis invade Denmark and Norway. Nazis invade France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands; Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister. Holland surrenders to the Nazis. Italy declares war on Britain and France. Germans Enter Pairs Battle of Britain begins Six Steps 1. Attackers identify a weak spot in the enemy’s defense lines A German term for “lightning war,” blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery. German forces tried out the blitzkrieg in Poland in 1939 before successfully employing the tactic with invasions of Belgium, the Netherlands and France in 1940. 2. Infantry troops create a smokescreen to hit the forces gathering for a breakthrough 3. Planes bomb military and civilian targets behind the lines. Para troopers disrupt communications and slow the movement of enemy reinforcements 4. Tanks break through the weak spot spreading panic among troops and civilians 5. Motorized divisions move through the opening and circle back to surround the enemy forces from behind 6.Infantry troops arrive to take care of any reaming areas of resistance President Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act. United States freezes German and Italian assets in America. Germany attacks Soviet Union as Operation Barbarossa begins Stalin calls for a scorched earth policy. Mutual Assistance agreement between British and Soviets. Roosevelt freezes Japanese assets in United States and suspends relations. Churchill and FDR announce the Atlantic Charter Japan Bombs Pearl Harbor United States and Britain declare war on Japan. The Path to Nazi Genocide