Transcript A Second Global Conflict and the End of the European World Order

A Second Global Conflict
and the End of the
European World Order
Ryan Harris, Isabella Martinez-Lugo, Cole Hoffer
Key Concepts - 6.2 Global
Conflicts and Their Consequences
III. Political changes accompanied by demographic/social
consequences
C. ethnic violence and displacement of peoples
IV. Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale
A.ideologies used for purpose of waging war
B.sources of global conflict
Causes of WWII
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Social, economic, & political unrest
o
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social tensions => brought on by 1930s Great Depression
Japan
o
o
gradual militarization up until 1930s
moderate political parties
Causes of WWII
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China
o
o
o
1920s => nationalistic forces
Guomindang party

General Chiang Kai-Shek

unified China
Japanese concern

worried Chinese would resist Jap. control in Manchuria
Causes of WWII
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Japan
o
o
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seized Manchuria => Manchukuo
civ. politicians reluctance of resistance
Germany
o
o
change of regimes => more abrupt
Weimar Era => experienced civil war, hyperinflation =>
social discontent, political turmoil
Causes of WWII
•
Nationalist Social Party (Nazi)
o
o
gained votes and parliamentary seats
promised: work, political stability

o
Hitler => throwback communist power

o
remilitarization program
need to destroy Soviet Empire
systematic dismantling of political system
Causes of WWII
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Italy
o
Mussolini inspiration

o
Hitler
Ethiopia bombing

fascists => cruel use of weaponry

Germany+Italy=intervened in
Spanish civil war
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Western Powers
o
refused to fight
Unchecked Aggression
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Totalitarian states => unchecked aggression
o
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WWII - Sept. 1st, 1939
lack of outside intervention
Winston Churchill => inevitability of war
Japanese - first move
o
o
invasion of Manchuria
draconian reprisals
Unchecked Aggression
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•
Tripartite pact - not signed until 1940
Hitler
o
nonaggression pact with Stalin - 1939

invasion of Poland days after

Britain & France joined war
World War II: 1939-1941
Europe
•
•
•
Nazi Blitzkrieg
France taken in 1940
Britain holds out
o Battle of Britain
•
•
Mid 1941: Germany controls
most of Europe and
Mediterranean
After Britain → Nazi’s turn
south and east
Japan
•
•
Engaged in major war with
China
Attacks Pearl Harbor (1941)
o Allows for further
expansion into Southeast
Asia
o US enters war
WWII: 1941-1945 Europe
•
•
Germany invades Soviet Russia
Russians able to stop German advance
o Stalingrad
•
o Late 1944: Red Armies capture Eastern Europe
US and allies invade from West
o Normandy
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o Battle of the Bulge
Early 1945: Allied armies enter Western Germany
WWII: 1941-1945 Japan
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•
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Army was highly vulnerable → too spread out
Tried to colonize Asia
o Met with resistance
Naval Battles
o Battle of Coral Sea & Midway Island
1944: US within striking distance
Atomic Bomb
o Hiroshima and Nagasaki
o Japan Surrenders
Nazi War Against the Jews
•
Wannsee Conference (1942)
o “Final Solution”
o Destruction of Jews becomes policy of the Reich
•
Genocide increased as Nazi’s started losing war
o Vital resources used for concentration camps
o Those fit were forced to work
o Those unfit were killed
•
12 million killed → Holocaust
o 6 million Jews
o Most severe of the 20th C genocides
After the War
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•
•
•
Allies met to create framework for lasting peace
o
United Nations (UN)
o
International diplomacy/assistance expand beyond Western Powers
The beginning of the Cold War
o
Started by debates on post war settlement
o
How much territory should Soviets gain?
Tehran Conference
o
Allies invade France instead of Mediterranean
o
Soviets could take Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)
Yalta Conference
o
Split Germany into 4 zones
After the War
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Conference of Potsdam
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Soviets gained Poland
o
Treaties with Axis powers
Results
o
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Japan was occupied by US

Stripped of wartime gains

Korea split
o
Problems with regaining colonial regimes
o
Boundaries of Soviet Union moved West
Stage set for two great movements
Decolonization & Confrontation between US and Soviet Union
Decolonization
● Defeat of EU colonies
● Harsh regimes and strong demands of Japanese
conquerors => desire for self-rule in SE Asia
● “Total war” in EU => less desire for colonies
● American and Soviet govt's = anti-colonization
○ Atlantic Charter of 1941 (US-GB)
● Result: peaceful gain of independency of many
colonies
Independence in India
● Ruled by Britain
● 1942: Sir Stafford Cripps fails
○ Quit India Movement
● British respond harshly
● Communist party and Muslim League supported GB
○ Muhammad Ali Jinnah => Pakistan
● 1943-4: inflation + famine = social unrest
● 1945: Labour party
Independence in SE Asia
● 1947: Partition of Indian subcontinent
● British give up power an leave
● Religious warring still occurs
● Burma and Ceylon
● Ruled by British
● After India, gained independence peacefully
Independence in the Philippines
● Ruled by US
● Transfer of power to Filipinos before WWII
● Loyalty to US during war and resistance to Japanese
occupation => easy independence with end of war
Last to Gain Independence in
Asia
● French unwilling to give up Indochina
○
Pushed out by communist revolution
● Dutch unwilling to give up Indonesia
○
○
Tried to break up newly formed nation
1949: gave up and left
Liberation of Non-Settler Africa
● African vets of WWII => new nationalists
● Wartime needs => factories => urban workforce
○ Those unable to find work => disgruntled =>
become revolutionary
● Kwame Nkrumah - British Gold Coast => Ghana
○ Convention People’s Party (CCP)
○ 1957: recognized as Prime Minister
○ Brits Leave
Independence in Settler
Colonies
● High EU population => don’t want to leave
● No peaceful agreements
● Violent revolutions (guerrilla warfare)
○
○
Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya
National Liberation Front in Algeria
White Supremacy in South
Africa
● Afrikaners couldn’t go to EU
● Afrikaner National Party (30s and 40s) gained total white
control
● Apartheid - racial segregation system (1948)
Conflicting Nationalisms in
Mid-East
● Arabs vs. Israelis vs. Palestinians
● Holocaust => Israel (Jewish homeland)
● Piece of Palestine => Israel
○
Palestinians not happy
● Rise of Israel => <100,000 Arab
and Palestinian refugees
Work Cited
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"EUROPE AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR: Territorial CHANGE AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT (1919 - 1923 Gg.)."
Ukr Map. Ukrainian Map, 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
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"Sykes, Charles Henry (1882-1942)." Political Cartoon - Comic Memorabilia. Political Cartoon Society, 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
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http://www.alternatehistory.com/foralltime/FaTL-postWWII.html
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"General Chiang Kai-Shek - Stimulated Boredom." Stimulated Boredom. Stimulated Boredom, n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
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"Britain’s WW2 Cabinet in 1939." WW2 Memories & History. WordPress, 23 July 2011. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
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http://www.pearlharboroahu.com/images/Attack-pearl-harbor.jpg
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http://gausschildren.org/genwiki/images/1/1d/WWII_Europe_1941-1942_Map_EN.png
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http://www.conjay.com/Japan%20Naval.gif
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http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/4/19/1334794231944/Holocaust-survivors-Israe-008.jpg
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http://www.jewishomaha.org/jewish-press/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/logo.jpg
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Potsdam_conference_1945-8.jpg