Transcript A)Austria`s 6 million people favored unification with

World War II
GERMAN AGGRESSION
Austria- Slide1
Austria was Hitler's first target. A)Austria's 6 million people
favored unification with Germany. On March 12, 1938,
B)German troops marched into Austria unopposed. A day
later, Germany announced that its Anschluss, or “union,” with
Austria was complete. C)The United States and the rest of the
world did nothing.
German Reichstag hails Hitler for his peaceful annexation of
Austria, March, 1938
Sudetenland Slide 2
A)Hitler then turned to Czechoslovakia. Hitler
wanted to annex Sudetenland. Hitler charged that
the Czechs were abusing the Sudeten Germans,
and he began massing troops on the Czech
border.
Just when war seemed inevitable, Hitler invited
French premier Édouard Daladier and British prime
minister Neville Chamberlain to meet with him in
Munich. When they arrived, the Führer declared
that the annexation of the Sudetenland would be
his “last territorial demand.” B)In their eagerness
to avoid war, France and Britain chose
appeasement.
C)They signed the Munich Agreement, which
turned the Sudetenland over to Germany
Churchill Against Appeasement Slide 3
•
Chamberlain's satisfaction was not shared by Winston Churchill. A)In Churchill's view, They gave
up their principles to pacify an aggressor. As Churchill bluntly put it, “Britain and France had to
choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.”
•
As Winston Churchill had warned, Hitler was not finished expanding the Third Reich.
•
B) on March 15, 1939, German troops poured into what
remained of Czechoslovakia. At nightfall Hitler
gloated, “Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist.”
C) After that, Hitler turned on Poland.
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
Slide 4
Poland
In 1939, Adolf Hitler was preparing for war. Though he was hoping to acquire
Poland without force (as he had annexed Austria the year before), Hitler was
planning against the possibility of a two front war. Since fighting a two front war in
World War I had split Germany's forces, it had weakened and undermined their
offensive; thus, played a large role in Germany losing the First World War. Hitler
was determined not to repeat the same mistakes. So, he planned ahead and
A)Germany made a pact with the Soviets, called – the Non-Aggression Pact.
They also made a secret pact to split Poland
Attack on Poland
Slide 5
As day broke A) on September 1, 1939, the Germans invaded Poland using the
Blitzkreig raining bombs on military bases, airfields, railroads, and cities. At the same
time, German tanks raced across the Polish countryside, spreading terror and
confusion. B). Blitzkrieg—to take the enemy by surprise and then quickly crush
all opposition with overwhelming force. In the last week of fighting, the Soviet
Union attacked Poland from the east grabbing some of its territory. C) two days
following the attack, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
The Soviet Union & Germany Invade Poland
Declarations of War
League of Nations?
When Japan invaded Manchuria
in 1931, the League of Nations
protested but took no further
action.
When Italy invaded Ethiopia in
1935, the League organized an
ineffective economic boycott.
When Germany invaded
Czechoslovakia in 1938, England
and France followed a policy of
appeasement, hoping Hitler would
stop there . . .
But when Germany invaded
Poland in 1939, WWII officially
began in Europe.
A) The League of Nations did
not stop any aggressions like it
was created to do!
Slide 6
Germany and Soviet Union Invade Slide 7
• A) after the fall of Poland, French and British troops sat on the Maginot Line, a
system of fortifications built along France's eastern border, staring into Germany,
waiting for something to happen.
• B) Stalin took Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and attacked and conquered Finland
• C) Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway
• D) Hitler planned to build bases along the coasts to strike at Great Britain.
• E) Next, Hitler took the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg,
THE FALL OF FRANCE Slide 8
•
France's Maginot Line proved to be ineffective; the German army bypassed the line during its
invasion of Belgium. A) Hitler invaded through northeast France, avoiding British and French
troops. The Germans continued to march toward Paris.
•
The German offensive trapped almost 400,000 B) British and French and Belgian soldiers fled
to the beaches of Dunkirk In less than a week, a makeshift fleet of fishing trawlers, tugboats,
river barges, pleasure craft—more than C) 800 vessels ferried about 330,000 troops to safety
across the Channel.
A New French Government Slide 9
• A few days later, A) Italy entered the
war on the side of Germany and
invaded France from the south as
the Germans closed in on Paris from
the north. B) After France fell, a
French general named Charles de
Gaulle fled to England, where he set
up a government-in-exile. De Gaulle
proclaimed defiantly, “France has lost
a battle, but France has not lost the
war.”
Battle of Britain Slide 10
In the summer of 1940, A)The Luftwaffe began bombing Britain
hoping to destroy Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF). Every night for
two solid months, bombers pounded London.
B) Night after night, German planes pounded British targets.
C) The RAF fought back with the help of a new device called
radar. Six weeks later, Hitler called off the invasion of Britain
indefinitely. “Never in the field of human conflict,” said Churchill in
praise of the RAF pilots, “was so much owed by so many to so few.”
The Holocaust
The Beginning
Jews Targeted Slide 11
• Anti-Semitic views began to purvey Nazi Germany. Many Germans were
willing to support Hitler’s assertions that the Jews were to blame for many of
the problems they were facing since their defeat in WWI.
•A) In 1935, The Nuremburg Laws were put in place to strip German Jews of
citizenship, jobs, and private property.
•B) Jews also had to wear the Star of David attached to their clothing.
Kristallnacht Slide 12
On November 9–10, 1938, the Nazis staged vicious state sanctioned programs, anti-Jewish riots
against the Jewish community of Germany where Encouraged by the Nazi regime, the rioters
burned or destroyed synagogues, vandalized or looted Jewish businesses, and killed at least 91
Jewish people. They also damaged many Jewish cemeteries, hospitals, schools, and homes as
police and fire brigades stood aside. Kristallnacht was a turning point in history. The programs
marked an intensification of Nazi anti-Jewish policy that would culminate in the Holocaust—the
systematic, state-sponsored murder of Jews. Some have even begun to say that Kristallnacht is
the start of the Holocaust. The name Kristallnacht refers to the glass of the shop windows
smashed by the rioters.
a. Rioters burned and destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, cemeteries, hospitals, and
schools.
b. Many say Kristallnacht marks the beginning of the Holocaust.
The Ghettos Slide 13
Ghettos were segregated Jewish areas in Poland surrounded by stone walls,
barbed wire and German soldiers. A) The primary purpose of the ghettos
was simply to isolate Jews from the rest of society. Conditions in the
ghettos were so horrific. The dead would be piled up like cordwood in the
streets so that they could be removed faster. Many Jews were used for work
in factories built alongside the ghettos. The ghetto was basically a
concentration camp.
The Holocaust
Extermination
Concentration Camps Slide 14
• Eventually, Jews in ghettos were dragged from their homes
and herded onto trains or trucks for shipment to
concentration camps, or labor camps. Families were often
separated, sometimes forever.
A) Life in the camps was a cycle of hunger, humiliation,
and work that almost always ended in death.
•The prisoners were crammed into
crude wooden barracks that held up to
a thousand people each. They shared
their crowded quarters, as well as their
meager meals, with hordes of rats and
fleas. B) Inmates worked from
dawn to dusk, seven days a week,
until they collapsed. Those too
weak to work were killed.
The Final Solution Slide 15
• At a meeting held near Berlin, Hitler's top officials agreed to begin a new
phase of the mass murder of Jews. To mass slaughter and starvation they
would add a third method of killing—murder by poison gas.
As deadly as overwork, starvation, beatings, and bullets were, they did
not kill fast enough to satisfy the Nazis. A) The Germans built six death
camps in Poland which had huge gas chambers in which as many as
12,000 people could be killed a day.
At first the bodies were buried in huge pits. But the decaying corpses
gave off a stench that could be smelled for miles around. Worse yet, mass
graves left evidence of the mass murder.
•B) At some camps, the Nazis installed huge
ovens, in which to burn the dead.
The Tragedy of the Holocaust Slide 16
A) Between 9 and 12 million people—including
about 6 million Jews—died in concentration camps
from 1939 to 1945.
The record of this slaughter is a vivid reminder of the
results of racism and intolerance.
Nordhausen, a Gestapo concentration camp
U.S. Neutrality
Could The U.S. Remain Neutral?
•After WWI, the U.S. wanted to retreat to our
former isolationist policies.
•We watched the rise of dictatorships around the
world.
•Mussolini established a fascist government
in Italy in 1922, crushing all opposition.
•A military tribunal took over the government of
Japan, ignoring the protests of elected
officials.
•Hitler was elected chancellor in Germany
in 1933 and the Nazis gained full power.
The Enemy of My Enemy, is My Friend Slide 17
Britain was not the only nation to receive lend-lease aid. A) In
June 1941, Hitler broke the agreement he had made in 1939
with Stalin not to go to war and invaded the Soviet Union.
Acting on the principle that “the enemy of my enemy is my friend,”
Roosevelt began sending lend-lease supplies to the Soviet Union.
America moves Towards war Slide 18
1. A.Neutrality Acts- Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations
at war
2. B. Cash & Carry Policy
• Paid cash & carry wartime supplies on own ship
3. C. The Lend Lease Act
• It took over when Britain began to run out of money. It
allowed us to provide arms to any country whose
security is vital to the U.S.
4. D. The Selective Service Act
• Peace time Draft
• 16 million Men Registered
5. E. Shoot on Site Presidential Order
A. German U-boats fire on the U.S.S. Greer
B. FDR orders U-boats shot on site
THE ATLANTIC CHARTER Slide 19
• The meeting took place aboard the U.S.S. Augusta.
• A. Attended by Roosevelt & Churchill
• Roosevelt agreed to “force an incident “ in hopes of swaying congress to
declare war.
• Both men pledged
A. Collective Security
B. Disarmament
C. Self-determination
D. Economic cooperation
E. Freedom of the seas
• B. The Atlantic Charter is the
basis for the United Nations
Charter
• The United Nations are those
countries that fought the Axis
powers.
• C. It was signed by 26 nations.
United States Policy
•Isolationists 1919-1937
•Neutrality Acts of 1935-1937
•Cash and Carry 1939
•Lend-Lease Act-1941
•Atlantic Charter-1941
The Outbreak of War
The Pacific Theater
Japan Invades China Slide 21
To gain access to resources such as food crops, rubber and
oil, A)Japan invaded more of China in 1937 and began to
take over Southeast Asia in 1941.
B) The U.S. stopped shipments of oil and scrap metal to
Japan.
C) Japan then regarded the U.S. as an enemy.
Where will Japan attack? Slide 22
• A) The U.S. military had broken Japan's secret
communication codes and learned that Japan
was preparing for a strike.
• B) We didn't know was where the attack would
come. Late in November, Roosevelt sent out a
“war warning” to military commanders in Hawaii,
Guam, and the Philippines. If war could not be
avoided, the warning said, “the United States
desires that Japan commit the first overt act.”
• C) And the nation waited.